Joint categories Flashcards
What are the three main categories of joints?
Fixed/Fibrous, Semi-Movable/Cartilaginous, Freely movable/Synovial
What type of joint allows no movement?
Fibrous/Fixed Joint
What is the primary connective tissue in fibrous joints?
Dense connective tissue consisting mainly of collagen
What is an example of a fibrous joint?
Sutures between cranial bones OR syndesmosis between certain long bones eg, the tibia and fibula or the radius and ulna.
What type of joint is also known as slightly movable?
Cartilaginous Joint
What connects bones in cartilaginous joints?
Cartilage
What is an example of a cartilaginous joint?
Discs between the vertebrae in the spine OR between the sternum and manubrium and the symphysis pubis.
What type of joint allows a much greater range of movement?
Freely Moveable/Synovial Joint
What are the types of synovial joints based on movement?
- Hinge
- Ball and Socket
- Pivot Joints
- Condyloid
- Saddle Joints
- Gliding Joints
What are the main features of a synovial joint?
- Articular/hyaline cartilage
- Ligaments
- Synovial membrane
- Synovial fluid
- Menisci
- Pads of fat
- Bursae
- Joint capsule
What are the two main functions of a synovial joint?
Stability and mobility
Explain the structure and function of the Articular/Hyaline Cartilage
Helps bones move smoothly past each other in the joint and reduces friction
What is the structure and function of ligaments?
Stabilizes the join and hold the ends of the 2 bones together
What is the function of synovial membrane
Secretes synovial fluid
What is the function of the synovial fluid?
Lubricates the joint and allows the end of the bones to move without friction.
What is the structure and function of the meniscus?
It is cartilage that increases the stability, provides lubrication to prevent friction between the femur and tibia and free movement between bones at the knee, helps bones fit together and provides nutrition to the knee joint.
What is the function of pads of fat?
Secretion of synovial fluid, occupation or dead space and joint stability.
What is the function of Bursae?
Fluid filled sacks that reduce amount of friction between tissue.
What is the function of joint capsules?
joing capsules cover the end of the bone to reduce friction.
How does the depth of a joint affect its stability?
A deeper joint provides higher stability but may limit range of movement
What is a hinge joint?
A common class of synovial joint that allows flexion or extension along one axis
What joints are classified as hinge joints?
- Ankle
- Elbow
- Knee
What type of joint allows the highest freedom of motion?
Ball and Socket Joint
What movements are allowed in a ball and socket joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Adduction
- Abduction
- Circumduction
- Internal Rotation
- External Rotation
- Horizontal Flexion
- Horizontal Extension
