Joint and muscles Flashcards
What is a joint
Where 2 or more bones meet
What is the function of joints
They facilitate growth, hold bones together, transmit forces and enable various levels of movement
What are the 3 classifications of joints by movement
Synarthroses, amphiarthroses and diarthroses
What are the 3 classifications by soft tissue
Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
What are synarthroses
Immovable/fixed joints
What are amphiarthroses
Joints with limited movement
What are diarthroses
Variety of moveable joints
What are fibrous joints
Virtually no movement
What are cartilaginous joints
Limited or no movement
What are synovial joints
A variety of movement
What are sutures
A type of fibrous joints with thick connective tissues composed mainly of type 1 collagen fibres
What are gomphoses
Type of fibrous joint. Collagen fibres in the periodontal ligament secure teeth into bone of the tooth socket
What are syndesmoses
Type of fibrous joint. Fibrous membrane between adjacent bones
What are synchondroses
Primary cartilaginous joint with hyaline cartilage
What are symphyses
Secondary cartilaginous joint with hyaline and fibrocartilage
What are diarthroses
They are fibrous capsules filled with synovial fluid. They enable movement are frictionless and load bearing
What is the synovial membrane
A collagenous tissue that lines the fibrous capsule and secretes synovial fluid
What is the meniscus
Found in weightbearing joints and those with rotatory movement. It is fibrocartilaginous so cushions and facilitates smooth articulation
What are ligaments
They are dense bands of fibrous connective tissue and collagen. They restrict movement, protecting the joint from damage
What are bursae
They are closed sacs lined with synovial membrane, lubricated with fluid
Where are bursae found
Where friction occurs
What are synovial sheaths
They are specialised bursae that surround tendons where they are subject to pressure
What is synovial fluid
Highly lubricating fluid that reduces friction between the articular surfaces. The alignment of glycoprotein molecules changes with exercise. Exercise decreases viscosity so that lubrication improves
Factors influencing synovial joint stability
Articular surfaces - larger the surface and deeper the socket, provides stability
Ligaments - prevent undesirable movement
Muscle tone - the tone of muscles whose tendons cross the joint provides stability
