Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sp 15- Fixed Restorative Final > Johnston: Provisional Restorative Resin Materials > Flashcards

Johnston: Provisional Restorative Resin Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Ideal Properties for Provisional Restorative Materials:

  1. ______ of Formation
  2. Promotes ____ ______
  3. ________ Appearance
  4. Stable and ________
A
  1. Ease
  2. Oral Health
  3. Esthetic
  4. Durable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A Resin-based restorative material (filled polymer) is formed by the combination of ______ + ______+ _______.

A

Monomer
Filler
Active Initiator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is “translucency Parameter” or how is it determined/measured?

A

Comparing the color difference of material when it is held up to a black backing vs when held up to a white backing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A positive quality of resin-based restorative materials is that they are _____ and _____ insulating.

A

Thermally

Electrically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A disadvantage of resin-based restorative materials is the _______ reaction during polymerization.

A

Exothermic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

There is a ______ coefficient of thermal expansion on heating and a polymerization _______ during cooling associated with resin-based restorative materials.

A

High

Shrinkage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do resin-based restorative materials have a high or low toughness?

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

For ideal restorative materials, there must be a balance between which three properties?

A

Physical, Chemical, and Biological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between thermoplastic and thermoset polymers?

A

Thermoplastic: NO CROSS-LINKING, the physical state is REVERSIBLY controlled by temperature (i.e: Wax)

Thermoset: IRREVERSIBLE CROSS-LINKING occurs during transformation from monomer to polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference between a polymer and a co-polymer?

A

Polymer: Formed from many monomers (same kind)

Co-Polymer: Formed from many monomers (of at least two types of monomer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A molecule capable of covalent bonding with another monomer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between addition and condensation polymerization?

A

Addition: No By-products (free radical, ring opening, ionic)

Condensation: Results in a by-product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most current dental restorative resins are formed by which mechanism of polymerization?

A

Free-Radical polymerization (type of Addition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

During free-radical polymerization, there is a change from liquid/paste into a solid that results in the _______ of advantageous final properties.

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False: A negative aspect of free-radical polymerization is that it causes the material to heat up.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

During free-radical polymerization, the density ______ and causes a volumetric __________ that can be offset if porosity is created.

A

Increases

Contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the chemical stages of Polymerization?

A
  1. Activation of the initiator
  2. Activation of the monomer
  3. Polymer growth
  4. Termination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

By what three methods can the initiator be activated?

A

Heat, Light, or Chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which method of initiator activation is the most efficient?

A

Heat:

  • it is uniform
  • gives a large working time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are three disadvantages of heat activation?

A
  1. Requires mixing of initiator and monomer
  2. Requires heat equipment
  3. Excessive heat causes porosity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which two methods for activating the initiator require that chemical activator and monomer be mixed?

A

Heat and Chemical Require mixing

light activation material is pre-mixed by manufacturer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In ______ activation, the working time is fixed by the ingredients.

A

Chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In ______ activation, the working time is practically infinite.

A

Light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In _______ activation, the ingredients can be mixed by the manufacturer.

A

Light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

An active monomer is formed by the reaction of _______ with monomer.

A

Free Radical

26
Q

During activation of the monomer, what does the free radical do?

A

The free radical changes a double bond to two single bonds (release of heat).

27
Q

During activation of the monomer, what does the free radical do?

A

The free radical changes a double bond to two single bonds (release of heat).

28
Q

An active monomer will _______ combine with more monomer.

A

spontaneously

29
Q

During growth of the polymer, what happens to the density of the material?

A

Density increases

30
Q

Monomers with __________ cause cross-linking between two growing polymers.

A

Dual-Functionality

31
Q

What is Dual-Functionality?

A

There are two sets of double bonds in a monomer that are attaching to and cross-linking TWO growing polymers

32
Q

Bis-acrylates, Urethane dimethacrylate, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate are all dental resins that utilize ____ _____ during polymerization.

A

Dual Functionality

33
Q

The greater the size of methacrylate monomer (methyl vs ethyl), the ______ the polymerization shrinkage.

A

Less

34
Q

The greater the size of methacrylate monomer, the ____ the heat of reaction.

A

Less

35
Q

The greater the size of methacrylate monomer, the ______ the mechanical properties of the set resin.

A

Lower

36
Q

A greater size methacrylate monomer is beneficial because of less ___1___ and __2__, but is negatively effected by the decreased __3__.

A
  1. Less Polymerization shrinkage
  2. Less Heat of reaction
  3. Decreased mechanical properties of the set
37
Q

What are the physical state changes during growth of the active polymer?

A
  1. Liquid (sandy)
  2. String Formation
  3. Dough Stage (plastic)
  4. Rubber Stage (elastic)
  5. Solid
38
Q

When the active polymerization process goes from the ____ stage to the _____ stage, you can no longer deform the material without permanent changes.

A

Dough (plastic)

Rubber (elastic)

39
Q

What are the three mechanisms for termination of the actively growing polymer?

A
  1. Combine two active polymers
  2. Transfer of Free Radical stops a growing polymer while also activating a single monomer
  3. Contaminants
40
Q

What are four commonly encountered contaminants in dental polymerization?

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Sulfur
  3. Eugenol
  4. Hydroquinone
41
Q

True or False: Termination of a growing polymer due to contamination will always result in a lack of setting.

A

False: There may be “no setting” or there could be a “reduction in advantageous property development”

42
Q

Residual free monomer is not _______.

A

Biocompatible

43
Q

Concerning the composition of dental resins, the monomer and activation system becomes the _______.

A

Polymer matrix

44
Q

Filler particles will alter _____ properties.

A

Handling

45
Q

Filler particles will reduce _______ _______.

A

Polymerization shrinkage

46
Q

Filler particles will _______ the temperature increase of the setting polymer (density of heat of reaction).

A

Decrease

47
Q

True or False: Filler particles will beneficially affect mechanical properties after setting.

A

True

48
Q

True or False: Filler particles will beneficially affect mechanical properties after setting.

A

True

49
Q

What are the two types of filler and the difference between the two?

A

Organic and Inorganic
Organic = SOLUBLE in monomer
Inorganic = requires silane bonding agent to bond to matrix BUT then provides better mechanical properties (wear, toughness, strength)

50
Q

True or False: Inorganic fillers provide better mechanical properties.

A

True

*require silane bonding agent to bond to matrix

51
Q

What are the goals for provisional materials regarding oral health?

A

Protect remaining tooth structure
Maintain periodontal health
Provide occlusal compatibility
Maintain tooth position

52
Q

In order to be stable and durable, provisional materials must resist ______, _______, and _______.

A

Removal
Fracture
Discoloration

53
Q

What are the four types of dental resins discussed?

A

PMMA
PR’MA
Bis-acrylate
Urethane DMA

54
Q

What is PMMA? What is a good quality of this material?

A 
Poly(methyl methacrylate) resin
Fracture Toughness (ex. "Jet")
55
Q

What is PR’MA? Give an example and a beneficial quality of this material?

A

Poly(ethyl or isobutyl methacrylate)

Less temperature rise during reaction (ex. “Trim”)

56
Q

Which type of resin is most commonly used in dental materials and why?

A

Bis-acrylate (bis-GMA)

  • Desirable Margin adaptation
  • Less temperate rise during reaction
  • Less toxic/allergenic
  • Desirable odor
57
Q

Which resin material has the least fracture toughness?

A

Trim (PR’MA)

58
Q

What is an example of Urethane Dimethacrylate (DMA) and what are some desirable characteristics?

A 
"Triad"
-Fracture Toughness
-Desirable Odor
-Less toxic/allergenic
(bad= high heat of reaction)
59
Q

What is an example of Urethane Dimethacrylate (DMA) and what are some desirable characteristics?

A 
"Triad"
-Fracture Toughness
-Desirable Odor
-Less toxic/allergenic
(bad= high heat of reaction)
60
Q

When referring to fracture toughness, which is better: Triad or Trim?

A

Triad (Ureth.DMA) is more tough

Trim (PR’MA) is least tough

Sp 15- Fixed Restorative Final (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions