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PANCE Review > Joe Gilboy Review > Flashcards

Joe Gilboy Review Flashcards

1
Q

What diabetic medication is highly associated with heart failure

A

Actos (Pioglitazone); Glitazones/TZD’s

DPP4 inhibitors/Gliptins

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2
Q

Brand name of Methimazole

A

Tapazole

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3
Q

ADR of sulfonylureas

A

hypoglycemia

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4
Q

What diabetic medication can HELP with heart failure

A 
SGLT2I's/Gliflozin's
eg Jardiance (empagliflozin)
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5
Q

What electrolyte does glucose flow with?

A

K+

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6
Q

What test should you always order with A fib?

A

TSH

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7
Q

Which method of echo is the best?

A

Transesophageal (transthoracic is only for INITIAL)

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8
Q

What Tx is contraindicated in WpW (wolff-parkinson-white)

A

CCB

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9
Q

What do you tx WpW with?

A

Procainamide (during acute)

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10
Q

MC valvular murmur

A

Aortic Stenosis

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11
Q

2nd MC valvular murmur

A

Mitral Regurgitation

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12
Q

Which murmurs increase with valsalva and standing

A

mitral valve prolapse

HCM

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13
Q

Which murmurs increase with squating

A

all murmurs except mitral valve prolapse and HCM

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14
Q

“Water-hammer pulse”

A

aortic regurgitation

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15
Q

What drug is first line if there is A fib caused by Graves Dz

A

beta blockers

thyroxine caused overstimulation of beta n.

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16
Q

Pseudomonas Pneumonia cases

A

ventilators
cystic fibrosis
COPD
malignancy

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17
Q

What organism is the cause of pneumonia in alcoholics?

A

Klebsiella

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18
Q

Causes of Legionella pneumonia

A

ice machines: bacteria + protozoa (gyms for bacteria)

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19
Q

How to diagnose Legionella pneumonia

A
  1. IFA

2. THEN DFA

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20
Q

MC cause of viral pneumonia in kids

A

RSV

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21
Q

MC cause of viral pneumonia in adults

A

Flu

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22
Q

Who/what circumstances gets Staph aureus pneumonia?

A

POST-viral flu, esp in NURSING HOMES

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23
Q

What causative organism usually goes along with H. influenza pneumonia?

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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24
Q

“Lobar” pneumonia is usually

A

strep pneumoniae 85%

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25
Q

Serevent is the brand name for

A

Salmeterol (LABA)

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26
Q

“Massage therapists” of atria (medications) and what can they treat

A

flecainide (outpt)
Ibutilide
procainamide
Tx: WpW

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27
Q

ASA v Plavix

A

ASA is quick but not strong

Plavix is stronger

28
Q

When can you not treat a fib?

A

young (<60yo) and controlled rate

29
Q

Tx of isolated A fib with no other comorbidities

30
Q

Amiodarone toxicity

A

thyroid tox
lung tox
liver tox

31
Q

High Risk comorbidity with A fib

A

DM, treat with Xa inhibitors (DOAC)

32
Q

What jacks everything up?

A

Carbamazepine

Azoles

33
Q

Tx of A flutter

A

CCB + flecainide or ibutilide

CARDIOVERT

34
Q

SVT Tx

A 
Vagal Maneuver
Adenosine
CCB
Cardiovert
flecainide or ibutilide (outpt) bc problem in atria
35
Q

Tx: VTach, pulse, stable BP

A

amiodarone, procainamide

36
Q

Tx: VTach, pulse, unstable BP

A

cardiovert

37
Q

Tx: VTach, no pulse

A

defibrillate

38
Q

Tx: V fib

A

defibrillate ASAP

39
Q

What should you think with PEA, no pulse, no BP

A

H’s and T’s: (consider in pulseless arrest)

Hypovolemia, Hypoxia, Hydrogen ion (acidosis), Hyper-/hypokalemia, Hypoglycemia, Hypothermia.

Toxins, Tamponade(cardiac),Tension pneumothorax, Thrombosis (coronary and pulmonary), and Trauma.

40
Q

Asystole Tx

41
Q

Brugada Syndrome

A

very wide QRS. ST elevation + downward slope
will go into V fib
the wider, the worse
tx: implantable defibrillator

42
Q

When does atria contract?

43
Q

ASD murmur

A

split S2, pulmonic ejection murmur
RVH, pulmonic HTN
blood moves from LA to RA

44
Q

S3

A 
"Ken Tuc KY", ventricular gallop
early diastole, COMPLIANT LV
can be sign of systolic HF
NORMAL in children, pregnancy
early diastole, COMPLIANT LV
45
Q

S4

A

“TE Nuh See”, atrial gallop
late diastole, always PATHOLOGIC, NONcompliant LV
can be sign of diastolic HF
occurs in Aortic Stenosis

46
Q

S3 v Split S2

A

S3 is LOW pitch at APEX (bell)

Split S2 HIGH pitch at PULMONIC (diaphragm)

47
Q

syncope with exercise

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

48
Q

chronic LVH can lead to

49
Q

Coarctation of aorta

A

kink in aorta causing blood to back up in LV

LVH

50
Q

Why is NSAID avoided in pregnancy

A

miscarriage, malformation, premature closure of ductus arteriosus

51
Q

Patent ductus arteriosis Tx

A

indomethacin

52
Q

MC congenital heart defect

A

VSD, blood moves L to R during systole
leads to pulm HTN
HOLOsystolic murmur

53
Q

PDA murmur

A

continuous machinery murmur, loudest at aortic

54
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Overriding aorta
RVH
Pulmonic stenosis
VSD

55
Q

What artery is affected in INFERIOR lead MI

56
Q

Best BB for CHF

A

Carvedilol

57
Q

U wave

A

repolarization of purkinje fiber
only present is T wave absent/abnormal
in HYPOkalemia

58
Q

What drug should be avoided in AV Block T2 M1 Wenckebach

59
Q

Spiriva

A

tiotropium bromide, long acting anti-cholinergic

Tx COPD

60
Q

Atrovent

A

ipratropium bromide, short acting anti-cholinergic
even short acting takes longer than albuterol (Beta2 antag)
Tx COPD

61
Q

What can you get with using steroids in COPD

A

steroid dependence, inc glu, suppress immune
get DMII, high mortality
want to PREVENT use of oral steroids

62
Q

When does COPD need O2 supplement

A

PaO2 <55, PaCO2 >55

“can’t drive below 55”

63
Q

Organisms in COPD exacerbation

A

H Flu

M. Catarrhalis

64
Q

Tx pneumonia in COPD

A

Fluoroquinolones (Levaquin)

65
Q

COPD Tx

A
  1. albuterol
  2. anti-cholinergics
  3. inhaled steroids
  4. oral steroids
66
Q

small cell lung ca

A

rare
more likely with smokers
endocrine
everywhere

67
Q

non-small cell lung ca types

A

adenocarcinoma: MC

PANCE Review (2 decks)

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