JMS Risk Factors Flashcards
1
Q
Stroke
A
- Smoking
- Atrial fibrillation
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Valvular heart disease
- Ischaemic heart disease
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Past TIA
- Increased alcohol use
2
Q
Acute coronary syndrome (MI or unstable angina)
A
- Smoking
- Hypertension
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Family history
- Diabetes mellitus
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Stress
3
Q
Heart failure
A
- Hypertension
- Coronary artery disease
- Previous MI
- Diabetes
- Sleep apnea
- Valvular heart defects
- Alcohol use
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Irregular heartbeats
4
Q
Infective endocarditis
A
- Artificial heart valves
- History of endocarditis
- Damaged heart valves by for example rheumatic fever
- History of IV drug use
- Dental procedures
5
Q
Asthma
A
- Family history
- Having eczema or hay fever
- Overweight
- Smoking
- Pollution
- Triggers like → cold, exercise, allergens, infection
6
Q
COPD
A
- Smoking
- People with asthma who smoke
- Occupational exposure to dust and chemicals
7
Q
Pneumonia
A
- Having a chronic disease e.g. Asthma or COPD
- Weakened or suppressed immune system e.g. HIV/AIDS, organ transplant and on immunosuppressives, people on chemotherapy or long term steroids
- Smoking
- Being hospitalized
8
Q
DVT/Pulmonary embolism
A
SPASMODIAL S → sex female P → pregnancy A → increased age S → Surgery M → Malignancy O → Oestrogen (Oral contraceptive pill/ hormone replacement therapy) D → DVT/PE past history I → Immobility A → antiphospholipid antibodies L → lupus anticoagulant
9
Q
Lung cancer
A
- Smoking
- Family history
- Asbestos exposure
- Coal mining
10
Q
Pneumothorax
A
- Tall skinny male
- Smoking
- Underlying lung disease like COPD (e.g. burst bullae)
- History of Pneumothorax
11
Q
Acute Kidney Injury
A
- Age >75
- Chronic kidney disease
- Cardiac failure
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Chronic liver disease
- Diabetes
- Drugs
- Sepsis
- Poor fluid intake/increased fluid loss
- History of urinary symptoms
12
Q
Chronic kidney disease
A
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Cardiovascular disease
- Kidney stones
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Recurrent UTIs
- Multisystem disorders e.g. SLE
- Smoking
- High cholestrol
- Family history of kidney disease
13
Q
Ulcerative colitis
A
- Family history
- Age → UC usually begins before the age of 30. But it can occur at any age, and some people may not develop the disease until after the age of 60
14
Q
Chron’s disease
A
- Age → normally develop it before 30
- Family history
- Smoking
- NSAIDs
- Live in an urban area
15
Q
IBS
A
- Stress
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Young age
