Jjjjjhhgffdddddggyyyyyuuiiiiioo Flashcards
The brain is well protected by the skull, what are the parts?
Three layers of connective tissues called meninges, filled with cushioning cerebrospinal fluid and blood-brain barrier formed by fatty glial cells.
Structurally the brain is divided down the ______ into the ____ and _____ ___________.
Middle, left and right hemispheres.
The left hemisphere controls…
The right side of the body and vice versa.
The two halves are connected by the __________________
Corpus Callosum
Within each hemisphere there are 3 sections:
- Hindbrain
- Midbrain
- Forebrain
The largest part of the forebrain, the ______________ is divided into 4 lobes:
Cerebrum (largest part of forebrain)
1. Frontal lobe
2. Parietal lobe
3. Temporal lobe
4. Occipital lobes
Why are the 4 lobes named the way they are?
They are named for the skull bones above them, and the same brain functions can cross over into different lobes.
The cerebrum deals with what
Integrating all the information to form thoughts, behaviour and emotions.
What are the parts of Hindbrain
Pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum
What is the function of pons
- regulates breathing
- bridge between cerebellum and rest of CNS
Function of Medulla Oblongata
- reflexes for heart rate, breathing, vasoconstriction, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting
Functions of cerebellum
- controls muscle coordination
- any learned physical skill that we no longer think about is controlled here, ex. Walking, riding bike
- this part looks very different
Parts of the Midbrain
Midbrain 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣😂😂😂😂🤣🤣
Function of Midbrain
- joins the cerebrum and the pons
- coordinates sensory information from the eyes, ears, and nose
Parts of Forebrain
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Function of Thalamus
Receives sensory information from the organs
- relays information to the conscious or unconscious parts of the brain and to the hypothalamus if needed
Function of Hypothalamus
- Main control centre for the autonomic nervous system
- signals hormone production in the pituitary
- controls hunger, blood pressure, temperature, some behaviours
Parts of higher order thinking, complex behaviour, emotion
Cerebrum - frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe
Function of Cerebrum - Frontal Lobe
- primary motor area
- premotor area
- the physical movements of speech (Broca’s area)
- prefrontal area for reasoning
Function of Cerebrum - Parietal lobe
- processes signals from skin, skeletal muscles, and taste
Function of Cerebrum - Temporal Lobe
- deals with hearing
Function of Cerebrum - Occipital Lobe
- deals with sight
The CNS consists of…
Brain and Spinal Cord
What forms White Matter
Myelinated Neurons form white matter
What forms gray matter
Unmyelinated neurons form gray matter, which consists of mostly cell bodies, dendrites, and short unmyelinated axons.
There are three layers of meninges, known as
- The dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
Meninges provides..
Provides a supportive framework and acting with cerebrospinal fluid to protect the CNS from mechanical damage
The spinal cord is…
Column of nerve tissue that extends out of the skull.
The spinal cord is a vital link between what
Brain and the peripheral nervous system.
The spinal cord contains what
Sensory and motor nerves, and it has interneurons as it is the primary reflex center of the reflex arc.
The spinal cord is protected by…
The meninges and the bony vertebrae
The meninges is composed of..
3 layers of elastic tissue and it surrounds the brain as well.
The spinal cord is surrounded by…
Cerebrospinal fluid.
Damage to the SC and brain is permeant as….
the CNS can not repair damaged tissue via mitosis.
Damage to the SC can result in paralysis, with…
injuries higher in the column resulting in larger portions of the body being affected
The brain weighs..
1300-1400g (fatass)
The brain is made up of about # neurons
100 billion neurons
The “most complex” living structure on the universe is
The brain
What makes us who we are
The brain
What do meninges do in blood brain barrier
The meninges protects the CNS by not allowing direct contact between the blood flowing within capillaries and the cells of the spinal cord.
What are pericytes
Pericytes are cells that wrap around endothelial cells throughout the body.
Why are pericytes essential
They are essential for the regulation of blood flow and maintenance of homeostasis within the body, such as the blood-brain barrier.
What are astrocytes and what do they do in blood brain barrier
A large number of astrocytes, a type of glial cell, surrounds the epithelial cells that make up the capillary walls.
Tight junctions allow what in blood brain barrier
Tight junctions allow smaller substances, such as nutrients, hormones, and oxygen to pass freely into the CNS.
What is not allowed to pass the blood brain barrier?
Larger substances, such as rbcs.
Toxins and infectious agents
What is meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges and is extremely dangerous!!!!!!!!!!
Cerebrospinal fluid is
clear, dense liquid that surrounds both the spinal cord and brain.
Cerebrospinal fluid is derived from
It is derived from plasma and produced by the neural cells of the ventricles.
Role of Cerebrospinal fluid
Its role is to help facilitate transfer of nutrients and white blood cells across the blood brain barrier of the CNS.
Cerebrospinal fluid acts as
a cushion for the CNS to minimize shocks.
function of corpus callosum
It allows nerve signals to move between two sides of your brain.
Function of pituitary gland
- the “master” gland
- controls the endocrine gland
