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CJ 350 Final > JJ Final > Flashcards

JJ Final Flashcards

1
Q

Juvenile sanctions that are considered to produce the least successful outcomes

A

D.A.R.E.
Scared Straight
Boot Camps
Transferring Juveniles to Adult Courts

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2
Q

The First House of Refugee

A

New York, 1825

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3
Q

Types of Strain Correlated with Delinquency

A 
Goal Blockage
Negative Stimuli
Loss of positive stimuli
low social control
exposure to crime/criminality
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4
Q

Why Strain increases the likelihood of delinquency

A
  • Negative Emotional States
  • Continued Experience of Strain
  • Reduces Social control
  • Reduces bonds and commitment to conventional relationships and institutions
  • Fosters social learning of delinquency
  • Develop Beliefs justifying delinquency
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5
Q

Factors the increase the likelihood of delinquent coping

A
  • poor resources
  • low social support or control
  • low constrain and negative emotionality
  • association with delinquent peers and beliefs favorable to delinquency
  • low/high exposure
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6
Q

Process of acquiring, maintaining and changing behavior. social behavioralistic

A

Social Learning Theory

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7
Q

Certain strains or stressors increase likelihood of delinquency

A

Strain Theory

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8
Q

Court Case that decided mandatory life without parole is unconstitutional for individuals 18 and younger

A

Miller v. Alabama (2012)

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9
Q

This court case gave kids due process rights

A

In Re Gault (1967)

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10
Q

First Juvenile Court

A

1899 in Cook County Illinois

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11
Q 
Child centers reformers who advocated for a new institution for dealing with problem children; the ignorant, abused and neglected. 
Mainly white upper class women from england, invested interest to advocate immigrant kids in the english way of life
A

Child Savers

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12
Q

Identify the challenges to community re-entry for incarcerated juveniles

A
  • come out with physical and mental health needs
  • no education
  • no employment
  • no housing
  • no relationships
  • no access to public assistance
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13
Q

Identify the potential harms of juvenile incarceration in an adult correctional setting

A
  • Victimization
  • Interruption of normative life experiences (drivers license, job, relationship, college)
  • Development of human/social capital (network=networth)
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14
Q

This court case stated juveniles do not have right to jury trial

A

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971)

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15
Q

Court case that established the standard of proof needed for conviction of delinquency

A

In Re Winship (1970)

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16
Q

Court case that held the first major ruling by the Supreme Court scrutinizing the operation of juvenile courts

A

Kent v. U.S. (1966)

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17
Q

Court Case that decided indeterminate sentences were going to be used. Indeterminate sentences go on forever.

A

Ex Parte Crouse (1838)

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18
Q

Six types of Juvenile Transfer/Waiver Laws

A
  • Judicial Waiver
  • Prosecutorial Direct-File/Concurrent Jurisdiction
  • Statutory Exclusion
  • Once Adult/Always Adult
  • Reverse Waiver
  • Blended Sentencing
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19
Q

Allows juvenile courts to waive jurisdiction to the criminal court

A

Judicial Waiver

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20
Q

Allows prosecutors to determine whether a case will be heard before the juvenile or criminal court

A

Prosecutorial Direct-File or Concurrent Jurisdiction Laws

21
Q

Excludes certain types of cases from juvenile court (age, offense, prior record)

A

Statutory Exclusion Laws

22
Q

Requires Criminal Prosecution of any juvenile who has been criminally prosecuted in the past

A

Once Adult/Always Adult Laws

23
Q

Allows criminal court judges to transfer cases back to juvenile court

A

Reverse Waiver Laws

24
Q

Provides juvenile courts with criminal sentencing options (juvenile blended sentencing)
Allows criminal courts to impose juvenile dispositions (criminal blended sentencing)

A

Blended Sentencing

25
Q

Refers to the difference in the rate of contact between minority youths and white youths at each stage of the juvenile justice process. If the rate of contact of minority youths is greater than that of white youths, this exists.

A

Disproportionate Minority Contact

26
Q

Multiple Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)

A
  • impulsiveness
  • low school attainment
  • antisocial parents
  • child rearing factors
  • child abuse
  • broken families
  • exposure to violence
  • large family size
27
Q

Racial/ethnic differences in offending, attributes to inequities in juvenile justice practices. Not whats happening with the kids, its whats happening with the system

A

System Bias Hypothesis

28
Q

Race/ethnic differences in offending, incidence, seriousness, persistence. One is more likely to engage in offenses, those offenses are more serious. Exposure to different risks, criminal behavior, etc.

A

Differential Offending

29
Q

Most common juvenile court disposition in 2013

A

Probation

30
Q

Prevention Programs that produce successful outcomes

A
  • Substance Abuse Prevention
  • Teen Pregnancy Prevention
  • Bullying Prevention
  • Quality Childcare/pre-school
  • Drop Out Prevention
  • Violence Prevention
31
Q

Intervention Programs that produce successful outcomes

A
  • Home Visits
  • Life-Skills Training
  • Mentoring
  • After-school Programs
32
Q

Rehabilitation/Treatment Programs that produce successful outcomes

A
  • Individual Therapy
  • Family Therapy
  • Transitional Therapy
  • Intensive Protective Supervision
33
Q

Characteristics of the first juvenile court

A
  • Informal
  • No Adversary System
  • Judicial Paternalism (Parens Patriae)
  • Assistance not Punishment
34
Q

Steps in the Juvenile Justice Court Processing

A
  • Police Contact
  • Detention
  • Intake
  • Preliminary Hearing
    • Waiver if decided
  • Adjudication Hearing
  • Disposition
  • Placement
  • Aftercare
35
Q

Evidence based practices that are considered to produce the most successful outcomes

A
  • Active collaboration between family, school, community, social services, juvenile and criminal justice systems
  • Target at-risk youth
  • Early Intervention
  • Family Involvement; attendance, advice, participation
  • Incentives/Sanctions
36
Q

Significant societal changes that influence the development of the juvenile justice practice

A
  • Paternal view of children
  • American Enlightenment
  • Medical Advancement
  • Development of modern “childhood”
  • Children lack reason to require protection
37
Q

American Enlightenment is the

A

movement away from corporal punishment

38
Q

Medical Advancement

A

Lengthening of life expectancy of children

39
Q

Modern childhood created a

A
  • separate stage of human development

- separate treatment and institutions

40
Q

Children lack reason and require protection determined that

A
  • children are less culpable for criminal offenses
  • children under 7 immune from prosecution
  • children 8-14 not held responsible for their crime
  • 14+ tried and sentenced as an adult
41
Q

In the late 1800s people were more concerned for

A

child welfare

42
Q

The temporary holding of youth. This hearing occurs within 24-72 hours after being placed.

A

Detention

43
Q

Schools, victims, parents can submit a referral for this. Also, probation officer or prosecutor will look at and see if more steps need to be taken

A

Intake

44
Q

During this, the court determines whether sufficient evidence or cause to substantiate referral. Assignment and transfer to field probation officer, youth is advised of rights, pleas entered, detention and bail decisions made

A

Preliminary Hearing

45
Q

Transfer of jurisdiction to criminal court so juvenile can be tried as adult

A

Waiver

46
Q

During this, they review evidence in delinquency petition, establish responsibility for alleged delinquent act, and render judgement

A

Adjudication

47
Q

During this, go through the bifurcated process, determine sanctions and whether to place under court supervision

A

Disposition

48
Q

Determines the public or private facility such as detention center, shelter, group home, etc. one will be in

A

Placement

49
Q

Provides supervision and support

A

Aftercare

CJ 350 Final (1 decks)

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