Jim Crow (any % Speedrun)

Question 1

Who was responsible for the declaration of many civil rights acts to be unconstitutional?

Answer 1

• Supreme court in 5 cases in November 1812 and 1813

Question 2

Give an example of a court case in 1882

Answer 2

• Robinson Vs Memphis and Charleston Railroad
• Wife denied entry into a carriage because of her dark skin while the husband with light skin was allowed

Question 3

Who was John Harlan?

Answer 3

Only supreme court judge who voted against the 14th amendment being unconstitutional

Question 4

What date was the 14th amendment made unconstitutional?

Answer 4

15th October 1883

Declared it only applied on wider issues and not individual cases

Question 5

When did Frederick douglass speak out and why?

Answer 5

• 22nd October 1883
• Compared the court cases to pre-slavery decisions

Question 6

What was the first action of Jim Crow and legal segregation?

Answer 6

• 1887 Florida created separate carriages on trains - Followed closely by many other ex-confederate states
• 1906 South Carolina extended railway laws to restaurants
• Hospitals, hotels, restaurants, prisons, theatres and cemeteries
• 1890 Zoo opened in Atlanta that had separate viewing rows for black and white people

Question 7

Why was Jim Crow first accepted?

Answer 7

• 12th September 1895 - Many civil rights activists such as Booker T Washington believed it provided an equal opportunity despite segregation
• Northerners saw this as a compromise to heal relations between states

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Question 8

Who was the first state to disenfranchise many black people and how did they do it?

Answer 8

• Mississippi in 1890 when they introduced a $2 voters registration fee which was unachievable to reach for many blacks Americans living in poverty
• 60% of the black population in Mississippi were illiterate and could not vote after a literacy test was introduced

Question 9

What were the statistics for the black voting population?

Answer 9

• 1899 122,000 white voters which was 89% of the total number
• 1st January 1892 5.7% of the voters were Black, dropping from 65% in 1890

Question 10

What was the Grandfather Clause and when/where was it implemented?

Answer 10

• Louisiana 2nd February 1898
• Dictated that any man who could vote in 1867 could vote along with their sons and grandsons, bypassing any property requirements or literacy tests and securing white domination in elections
• Black voters reduced from 130,000 in 1896 to just over 1300 in 1904

Question 11

What was the overall drop in voters in the South?

Answer 11

• Black - 65%
• White - 26%

Question 12

What were the major cases in the 1890s?

Answer 12

• Plessy Vs Ferguson 1896 designed to test the legality - Showed definitive support for strong segregation even though Plessy looked white and was only an eighth black
• Williams Vs Mississippi 1898 where voting restrictions were deemed constitutional

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Question 13

How did the use of violence change in the 1890s?

Answer 13

• Became a spectacle and still averaged about 3 lynchings a week, 10,000 people watched a lynching in 1893
• Generally caused fear through violence that enforced segregation
• Lynchings could be done at the whim of White people