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Question 1

Artificial Insemination (AI)

Answer 1

Injection of seminal fluid into the female vagina, which contains male sperm from a husband, partner, or other donor, to aid in conception.

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

Threadlike structures in the center of the cell (nucleus) that transmit the genetic information about the person.

Question 3

Clones

Answer 3

Duplicate cell reproduced artificially from a natural, original single cell.

Question 4

Conscience Clause

Answer 4

The refusal to perform a legal role or duty based on personal beliefs.

Question 5

Control Group

Answer 5

Also called nontherapeutic group, test subjects in a research study who do not receive any treatment or, in some cases, are given a placebo. In testing, it is the principle of the constant that remains the same to evaluate the changes of a given experiment.

Question 6

Double-Blind Study

Answer 6

In testing, one group receives the placebo and the other group receives the new agent, which prevents either group from knowing who is receiving the real drug or the placebo.

Question 7

Experimental Group

Answer 7

In testing, the group that receives the new, researched treatment agent.

Question 8

Fertilization

Answer 8

Assistance in conception, most commonly performed either as artificial insemination or as in vitro fertilization to produce pregnancy.

Question 9

Gene Threrapy

Answer 9

Process of splicing or infusing genes to replace malfunctioning genes. Alteration of the DNA of body cells to control production of a particular substance.

Question 10

Human Genome Project

Answer 10

Medical research program, sponsored by the federal government, established to map and sequence the number of genes that are within the 23 pairs of chromosomes (i.e., the 46 chromosomes) with the goal of advanced life-saving or disease-preventing treatments.

Question 11

In Vitro Fertilization

Answer 11

Process to assist in conception by harvesting an ovum from a woman and combining it with the man’s sperm outside of the uterus and then implanting the fertilized embryo back into the uterus.

Question 12

Placebo

Answer 12

Nontherapeutic drug or agent given to a control group (commonly referred to as a “sugar pill”).

Question 13

Stem Cells

Answer 13

Cells of the body that can control the production of specialized cells by becoming other types of cells as needed during growth or healing.

Question 14

Sterilization

Answer 14

Any procedure performed to permanently prevent reproduction.

Question 15

Surrogacy

Answer 15

A method of assisted reproduction that helps a party start a family when that party otherwise could not.

Question 16

Therapeutic Research

Answer 16

Medical research performed on chronically or terminally ill patients who may benefit from the agent being tested.