Jewish law, Islamic law, greek law

Question 1

What is Fertile Crescent ?

Answer 1

The term Fertelite Crescent is used to determine the region othat constists of teh part of Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Iran, Saudi Arabia->cradle of early advanced civilizations

Question 2

What do you know about Ancient Egyptian and Ancient Babylonian Law today?

Answer 2

1. Ancient Egyptian law-> preserved in from of papyri with wills, conracts, adoptions and othefr transactions ; there wre no codification of textbook pf Egyptian law found
2. Ancinet Babylonian Law->kingdom had no steady development like Egypt ->different Empires were formed seven cuneiform codes known, the most famous of them is Code of Hammurabi (18th century BC. Codes were rather reflection and scholary treatise.

Question 3

What the principe of eye for eye and tooth for tooth related to and where did it appear ?

Answer 3

1. The principle was first mantioned inthe Code of Hammurabi, later the concept could be also traced to the Bible -> second book of THE TORAH (Old Testament)
2. developed the concept of retributive punishment-the punsihment is proportionatw to the crime commited

Question 4

What is diaspora, conncetion with the development of Jewish law?

Answer 4

1. Meaning: scattering of the group of people from their original homeland to different parts of the worlds. Babylonian exile (600 BC)+ Bellum Judaicum->70 CE the Romans destroyed the Holy Temple, sent the Jews in exile->they formed diasporas
2. consequence: creation of legal system of commandments halachah=the path

Question 5

What are the sources of Jewish law

Answer 5

1. Torah- 5 books of Mouses- written law
2. Talmud-oral law
3. Rabbinical law
4. Minhagim

Question 6

Development of Greek and Hellenistic law

Answer 6

1. Greek law-> Not unified system of law-> decentrilized and fragmentated (each city state had it’s own greek law)
   -Greek litigation system was more about skillful oratory that of legal-rational arhumentation
2. Hellenistic law->6th century persians conquered both Mesopotamia and Egypt->Persian Empire subsequently stretched from the medeterenian to the Indus River ->4th century BC conqured by Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia =>fusion of Greek and oriental culture
3. Hellenism cultural-phylosophical movement

Question 7

Who was al-Shafi’i and which school of law can be traced back to him?

Answer 7

Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi’i-a founder of Shafi’i school of law. pleued sagnificant role in shaping Islamic legal tradition+developed usul-al-fiqh (islamic jurisprudence)