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GCSE RE > Jewish beliefs > Flashcards

Jewish beliefs Flashcards

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1
Q

What are two Jewish beliefs about life after death?

A
  • Tenakh does not contain much info about afterlife
  • Jews are not too concerned with life after death, they think it is more important to focuss on the present
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2
Q

Three Jewish beliefs about Heaven and Sheol

A
  • Many Jews believe if they follow the faith correctly = heaven/paradise
  • Some believe those who do not go to heaven go to Sheol (a waiting place where souls are cleansed)
  • Some believe souls that do not go to heaven cease to exist after a period of time
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3
Q

Three Jewish beliefs about judgement and resurrection?

A
  • Some Jews believe that they will be judged by God as soon as they die
  • Others believe God will judge on the Day of Judgement, after the coming of the Messiah
  • Some Jews believe in physical or spirit resurrection, but many do not
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4
Q

Explain the Jewish belief that God is one

A
  • Single whole, indivisible being
  • Everything is created and sustained by one God
  • Only being who should be worshipped
  • Source of all morality, beliefs, values
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5
Q

What is the Shema?

A

An important Jewish prayer that is formed from passages in Deuteronomy and Numbers

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6
Q

What does the Shema teach Jews?

A
  • We should love and be dedicated to God
  • There is one God - single, whole, indivisible, eternal
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7
Q

Explain the Jewish belief in the Shekhinah

A
  • God focuses his presence in a certain place
  • Jews believed that God’s presence (Shekhinah) was focused in the Temple but was destroyed in 70 AD
  • Talmud teaches that Shekhinah is brought into a place by doing good things like study, praying and fulfilling the mitzvot
  • Connection of God is readily perceivable
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8
Q

Explain the Jewish beliefs about God as creator and sustainer

A
  • Created the universe with the ability to support life
  • Sustains life on earth and provides all the resources needed for life on earth
  • God created everything, including evil which is a necessary consequence of free will
  • Made the seventh day holy
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9
Q

What do different denominations of Judaism believe about creation?

A
  • Orthodox believe the events in Genesis literally happened 600 years ago
  • Other Jews believe God is the creator but accept the universe is much older and the evolution of life
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10
Q

What do Jews believe that God creating the world teaches us about his nature?

A
  • Omnipotent
  • Omniscient
  • Omnipresent

That God is

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11
Q

What do Jews believe about free will and evil?

A
  • Existence of free will explains why world’s resources are distributed unevenly
  • Existence of evil considered to be a consequence of good will
  • Jews who exercise good will are helping to fulfill God’s plan for his creation
  • “I am the Lord and there is none else, I form light and darkness”
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12
Q

What do Jews believe about God as Lawgiver?

A
  • Gave the Jews 613 mitzvot (laws)
  • He expects people to follow to help them love/love each other/teach them how to behave
  • First ten mitzvot are the Ten Commandments which form the foundation for all other mitzvot
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13
Q

What do Jews believe about God as Judge?

A
  • Judges people on how well they follow the laws he gave
  • Judgements are considered to be merciful (fair)
  • Judged during Rosh Hashanah and after death
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14
Q

What the the origins of the Messiah?

A
  • The word ‘Messiah’ refers to the kings of Israel
  • First king of Israel was Saul (11th century BCE)
  • Saul anointed with oil by Samuel to how he was chosen by God to rule over the Jews
  • Word ‘Messiah’ used to refer to a future leader of the Jews
  • New leader expected to be a future King of Israel, descendant of King David
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15
Q

What do Orthodox Jews believe about the Messiah?

A
  • Will be a descendant of King David
  • Will bring world peace and unite humanity
  • Will rule over humanity with justice and kindness
  • Will gather Jews back to Israel and rebuild Temple
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16
Q

What do Reform Jews believe about the Messiah/Messianic age?

A
  • It is a metaphor, not a literal person
  • Believe in a future Messianic age, achieved through people working together to achieve peace
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17
Q

What contrasting beliefs do Christians hold about the Messiah?

A
  • Believe Jesus was the Messiah because his death led to humanity’s salvation
  • Established Kingdom of God
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18
Q

Why do Jews disagree with Christian beliefs about the Messiah?

A
  • Believe he did not fulfil expectations Jews have for the Messiah
  • Did not observe Torah strictly enough and establish the Messianic age
19
Q

How does the 10 Commandments influence Jews today?

A
  • Foundation of Jewish law helps Jews to have a good relationship and with others
  • Reason why Jews believe they are God’s chosen people
20
Q

Summarise the story of Abraham

A
  • Abraham born in the city of Ur (19th or 20th century BCE)
  • At the time many people worshipped idols of many different gods
  • Abraham convinced only one God who created everything, and that worshipping idols was wrong
  • Tried to convince people of Ur to stop worshipping idols to little success
  • Abraham and his family left Ur for Canaan
  • Before Canaan, they settled at Haran in Northern Mesopotamia
  • Many years later, God told Abraham to continue journey to Canaan, promising to make a great nation through him
  • God told Abraham “I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you”
  • Once Abraham and Sarah reached Canaan, God told Abraham, “I give all the land that you see to you and your offspring forever” - known as the Promised Land
21
Q

What is a covenant?

A

An agreement between God and a person (made on behalf of rest of the Jews)

22
Q

What did God promise?

A

To make Abraham a father of many nations

23
Q

What was required of Abraham?

A

Follow God’s teachings

24
Q

How was the covenant sealed?

A

By Abraham being circumcised and agreeing to circumcise all males in his household

25
Q

How did God keep his side of the covenant?

A

Giving Abraham a child

26
Q

What are the key moral principles of Judaism?

A
  • Justice
  • Healing the world
  • Kindness to others
27
Q

What is justice and what do Jews to show it?

A
  • Bringing about what is right and what is fair/making up for wrongs that have been committed
  • A sacred duty
  • Never ignore suffering of others and that they have a duty to what is right and wrong in the world
  • Give 10% of income to charity
28
Q

What do Jews believe about healing the world and how do they do it?

A
  • Being involved in God’s work to sustain the world
  • Believe that God requires humanity to complete the work of creating a world that is whole
  • Believe that people should try to repair all that is broken about society by social justice
29
Q

What do Jews believe about kindness to others and how do they show it?

A
  • Positive caring actions that should be shown to all living things
  • Shown by visiting the sick, comforting people in mourning, providing appropriate burial for the dead, throwing a wedding
  • Done with body as well as money, for the rich as well as the poor, and for the dead as well as the living
30
Q

What do Jews believe about free will?

A
  • God has given them the free will to make their own choices
  • Does not mean people can do whatever they want without consequences
31
Q

What is a mitzvah and how many are there in the Torah?

A

Jewish rule or commandment, 613

32
Q

Why are the mitzvot important to Jews?

A

Give guidance to Jews on how to use their free will

33
Q

What is meant by mitzvot between man and God?

A
  • Tell Jews how to improve their relationship with God
  • Cover worship, sacrifice and the importance of festivals
  • Most important are first four of the Ten Commandments
  • 1st - Jews to worship no other Gods, 4th - remember God every Shabbat
34
Q

What is meant by mitzvot between man and man?

A
  • Tell Jews how to improve relationship with other people
  • Torah teaches Jews to show love towards other people so that they can show their love for God
  • Cover treatment of workers and how to settle disputes
  • Help Jews to live as members of their faith and community in a way that pleases God
35
Q

Summarise the life of Moses in six bullet points

A
  • Jews were enslaved in Egypt
  • God chose Moses to lead their escape so they could finally return Canaan
  • God sent plagues to Egypt and Pharoah finally agrees to allow the slaves to go
  • Jews wandered in the desert for many years
  • At Mount Sinai, Moses went up and was given the Ten Commandments which Moses carried down to the Jews
  • Two tablets of stone
36
Q

What are the Ten Commandments?

A

Form foundation of Jewish law

37
Q

What are the Ten Commandments important in Judaism?

A
  • Basis of covenant
  • God agreed to protect the Jews/be their God and in return the Jews would have to obey his laws
38
Q

What do Jews believe about the Sanctity of Life?

A
  • Life is holy and should be protected because God ‘breathed life into Adam’
  • Only God has the right to take life away
  • Life was created by God
  • Preserving life is a duty and should not quicken a person’s death
39
Q

The Sanctity of Life means that Jews do not agree with…

A
  • Active euthanasia
  • Murder
40
Q

Quote relating to the Sanctity of Life?

A

“He who destroys one soul of a human being, the scripture considers him as if he should destroy a whole world”

41
Q

What is pikuach nefesh?

A

The obligation to save a life

42
Q

What does pickuach nefesh mean Jews can do?

A

Break Jewish law

43
Q

Examples of pikuach nefesh in action?

A
  • Working on Shabbat to save a life
  • Putting out a fire

GCSE RE (8 decks)

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