Jeromes Flash Cards

1
Q

ELECTO MAGNETIC RADIATION IS…

A

SYNCHRONIZED OSCILLATIONS (SINUSOIDAL WAVES) OR ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS THAT PROPAGATE THROUGH A VACUUM AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT

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2
Q

WAVELENGTH IS…

A

THE PHYSICAL DISTANCE OF ONE COMPLETE WAVE

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3
Q

FREQUENCY IS…

A

THE NUMBER OF CYCLES THAT THE RF ENERGY COMPLETES PER SECOND

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4
Q

PHASE DIFFERENCES ARE…

A

THE DEGREE TO WHICH INDIVIDUAL CYCLES OF A WAVE COINCIDE WITH THOSE OF A REFERENCE WAVE OF THE SAME FREQUENCY

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5
Q

RADAR POLARIZATION

A

THE ORIENTATION OF THE ELECTRIC FIELD

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6
Q

RADAR BEAM-WIDTH IS…

A

THE ANGULAR SIZE OF THE MAIN-BEAM, NORMALLY EXPRESSED IN DEGREES

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7
Q

NAME THE 7 TYPES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN ORDER OF DECREASING WAVELENGTH

A
  1. EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY WAVES
  2. RADIO WAVES
  3. MICROWAVES
  4. INFRARED RADIATION
  5. VISIBLE LIGHT
  6. ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
  7. X-RAYS AND GAMMA RAYS
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8
Q

HOW IS FREQUENCY MEASURED?

A

HZ

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9
Q

LIST THE 4 ASPECTS OF A RADARS PERFORMANCE IMPACTED BY ITS OPERATING FREQUENCY

A
  1. ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION
  2. PHYSICAL SIZE
  3. TRANSMITTED POWER
  4. DOPPLER CONSIDERATIONS
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10
Q

LIST THE FOUR CHARACTERISTICS OF LOWER FREQUENCY RADARS

A
  1. LONG WAVELENGTHS
  2. TRANSMITS HIGH POWER
  3. LOW ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION
  4. BEST FOR LONG RANGE EW RADARS
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11
Q

LIST THE THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIUM FREQUENCY RADARS

A
  1. SHORTER WAVELENGTHS
  2. LESS DETECTION RANGE
  3. SOME ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION
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12
Q

LIST THE FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HIGHER FREQUENCY RADARS

A
  1. SMALL ANTENNAS
  2. SHORTER WAVELENGTHS
  3. SOME ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION
  4. HIGH PRECISION
  5. USED FOR FIRE CONTROL RADARS SURFACE TO AIR MISSILES AND ADA
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13
Q

THE STRENGTH OF A RADAR SIGNAL HITING A TARGET IS APPROXIMATELY PROPORTIONAL TO WHAT PARAMETER?

A

1/(RANGE TO TARGET)^2

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14
Q

FOR A FIXED ANTENNA SIZE, A RADAR OPERATING AT A HIGHER FREQUENCY THAN ANOTHER [RADAR] THE BEAM-WIDTH WILL BE:

A

NARROWER

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15
Q

FOR A FIXED OPERATING FREQUENCY THE RADAR WITH THE __________ ANTENNA WILL HAVE THE NARROWER BEAMWIDTH

A

LARGER

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16
Q

T/F: ANGULAR RESOLUTION IS A FUNCTION OF BEAM-WIDTH AND RANGE TO THE TARGETS

A

TRUE

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17
Q

LIST THE TWO FUNDAMENTAL WAYS AN ELECTRONICALLY SCANNED ARRAY DIFFERS FROM A MECHANICALLY SCANNED ARRAY

A
  1. THE ANTENNA IS MOUNTED IN A FIXED POSITION
  2. THE RADAR BEAM IS STEERED BY INDIVIDUALLY CONTROLLING THE PHASE OF THE RADIO WAVES TRANSMITTED AND RECEIVED BY EACH RADIATING ELEMENT
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18
Q

LIST THE ADVANTAGES COMMON TO PASSIVE AND ACTIVE ELECTRONICALLY SCANNED RADARS

A
  1. HIGH RELIABILITY
  2. EXTREME BEAM AGILITY
  3. FACILITATE RADAR CROSS SECTION REDUCTION
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19
Q

DEFINE RADAR RANGE RESOLUTION

A

A RADARS ABILITY TO RESOLVE MULTIPLE TARGETS IN RANGE

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20
Q

RANGE RESOLUTION IS BASED ON WHAT PARAMETER?

A

PULSE WIDTH (T)

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21
Q

DEFINE RADAR RESOLUTION CELL

A

THE SMALLEST AMOUNT OF THREE DIMENSIONAL SPACE IN WHICH A RADAR CANNOT DISTINGUISH BETWEEN MULTIPLE TARGETS

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22
Q

PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY IS…

A

THE RATE AT WHICH PULSES ARE TRANSMITTED

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23
Q

LIST THE THREE ADVANTAGES OF PULSED RADAR

A
  1. ONLY ONE ANTENNA IS REQUIRED
  2. GOOD RANGE ACCURACY
  3. SIMPLE ELECTRONICS
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24
Q

LIST THE 3 DISADVANTAGES OF PULSED RADARS

A
  1. LOWER AVERAGE POWER OUTPUT LIMITS DETECTION RANGE
  2. CANNOT FILTER OUT GROUND CLUTTER WITHOUT INCREASED PROCESSING
  3. NOT VERY ACCURATE VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS
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25
LIST THE FIVE ADVANTAGES OF CONTINUOUS WAVE/DOPPLER RADARS
1. SIMPLE 2. GOOD AGAINST HIGH ASPECT ANGLE TARGETS 3. VERY ACCURATE VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS 4. HIGH AVERAGE OUTPUT POWER INCREASES DETECTION RANGE 5. CAN FILTER OUT GROUND CLUTTER
26
LIST THE 4 DISADVANTAGES OF CONTINUOUS WAVE/DOPPLER RADARS
1. NO RANGE INFORMATION 2. POOR AGAINST BEAM AND STERN TARGETS 3. TWO ANTENNAS REQUIRED 4. SUSCEPTIBLE TO DOPPLER NOTCH
27
LIST THE THREE ADVANTAGES OF PULSE-DOPPLER RADARS
1. FILTERS OUT GROUND CLUTTER 2. HIGH OUTPUT POWER 3. ONLY ONE ANTENNA REQUIRED
28
LIST THE 3 DISADVANTAGES OF PULSE-DOPPLER RADARS
1. COMPLICATED ELECTRONICS 2. SUSCEPTIBLE TO DOPPLER NOTCH 3. RANGE MEASUREMENT DIFFICULT WITH A HIGH PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY PULSE-DOPPLER RADAR
29
ALL OBJECTS ABOVE _______ TEMPERATURE EMIT IR RADIATION
0 K OR -273 C
30
WHAT ARE THE FOUR BASIC IR RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS?
1. ALL OBJECTS ABOVE ABSOLUTE ZERO EMIT IR RADIATION 2. IR RADIATION BEHAVES SIMILARLY TO LIGHT 3. TRAVELS IN A STRAIGHT LINE AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT WHICH IS CONSTANT 4. CAN BE GATHERED, FOCUSED AND CONVERTED TO ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
31
A BLACKBODY IS...
AN IDEALIZED PHYSICAL BODY THAT ABSORBS ALL EM RADIATION, REFLECTS NONE AND EMITS ENERGY WITH PERFECT EFFICIENCY
32
EMISSIVITY IS...
THE RATIO OF RADIANT EXITANCE OF A GIVEN OBJECT AND A THEORETICAL BLACKBODY AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE
33
RADIANT FLUX IS...
RATE AT WHICH PHOTONS STRIKE A SURFACE, MEASURED IN WATTS (AMOUNT OF ENERGY DELIVERED PER UNIT OF TIME)
34
RADIANT INTENSITY IS...
RADIANT POWER FROM A POINT SOURCE (W/SR)
35
RADIANT EXITANCE (M) IS...
THE RATE AT WHICH RADIATION IS EMITTED FROM A UNIT AREA (W/M^2) SURFACE EXITANCE IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE FOURTH POWER OF THE ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE OF THE SURFACE
36
RADIANCE (L) IS...
TOTAL EMISSION OR REFLECTION W/[(M^2)*S]
37
LUMINOUS FLUX IS...
RADIANT POWER, WHICH IS PERCEIVED AS LIGHT BY THE HUMAN EYE
38
IDENTIFY THE THREE FORMS OF INTERACTION THAT CAN TAKE PLACE WHEN ENERGY STRIKES OR IS INCIDENT UPON A SURFACE AREA
1. ABSORPTION 2. REFLECTION 3. TRANSMISSION
39
EXITANCE (M) IS
A MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF POWER OR ENERGY THE OBJECT IS RADIATING
40
WHAT LAW STATES THAT HOTTER OBJECTS EMIT MORE TOTAL ENERGY PER UNIT AREA THAN COLDER OBJECTS?
STEFAN-BLOTZMANN LAW
41
LIST THE FIVE FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF ATTENUATION FOR A RADIANT SOURCE AS THE IR RADIATION TRAVELS THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE
1. WAVELENGTH 2. VISIBILITY 3. HUMIDITY 4. RANGE TO THE SENSOR 5. WEATHER
42
WHAT IS AN ATMOSPHERIC WINDOW?
PORTION OF THE EM SPECTRUM WHERE SPECIFIC BANDS OF EM ENERGY CAN FREELY PASS
43
THE OBJECTS TEMPERATURE DICTATES THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ______ RADIATION. AS TEMPERATURE INCREASES THE RADIANT INTENSITY _________ AND SHIFTS TO _______WAVELENGTHS AND __________ FREQUENCIES.
1. IR 2. INCREASES 3. SHORTER 4. HIGHER
44
THE PORTION OF THE EM SPECTRUM THAT INCLUDES RADIATION FROM UV THROUGH VISIBLE LIGHT IS KNOWN AS THE _________ BAND
OPTICAL
45
IN THE VISIBLE PORTION OF THE OPTICAL BAND THE WAVELENGTHS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH:
THE PARTICULAR COLORS WE SEE
46
NAME THE THREE REGIONS OF IR ENERGY
1. NEAR 2. MID 3. FAR
47
DEFINE NEAR IR ENERGY
SOLAR REFLECTIONS, VERY HOT OBJECTS
48
DEFINE MID IR ENERGY
MANMADE EMISSIONS, SOLAR REFLECTIONS
49
DEFINE FAR IR ENERGY
NATURAL BACKGROUND EMISSIONS, MANMADE EMISSIONS
50
DEFINE REFLECTED IR ENERGY
USED FOR REMOTE SENSING PURPOSES IN WAYS VERY SIMILAR TO RADIATION IN THE VISIBLE LIGHT PORTION
51
DEFINE THERMAL IR RADIATION
THE RADIATION THAT IS EMITTED FROM AN OBJECT IN THE FORM OF HEAT
52
WHAT IS THE OBJECTIVE OF LOW OBSERVABLE DESIGN IN STEALTH AIRCRAFT?
TO INCREASE SURVIVABILITY BY REDUCING THE PROBABILITY OF DETECTION AND EXPOSURE TO ENGAGEMENT BY THREAT SYSTEM
53
WHAT CONSTITUTES AN AIRCRAFTS ACTIVE SIGNATURE?
ALL THE OBSERVABLE EMISSIONS FROM AN AIRCRAFT
54
WHAT CONSTITUTES AN AIRCRAFTS PASSIVE SIGNATURE?
ALL THE OBSERVABLE SIGNALS FROM AN AIRCRAFT RESULTING FROM EXTERNAL ILLUMINATION (REFLECTION)
55
NAME THE TWO SOURCES CONTRIBUTING TO AN AIRCRAFTS PASSIVE SIGNATURE
1. ELECTRO-OPTICAL/VISUAL | 2. ELECTROMAGNETIC
56
NAME THE FIVE SOURCES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO AN AIRCRAFTS ACTIVE SIGNATURE
1. COMMUNICATIONS 2. NAVIGATION 3. RADAR 4. ENGINE/PROPELLER NOISE 5. INFRARED
57
LIST THE FOUR LPI METHODS
1. POWER MANAGEMENT 2. MAXIMUM FREQUENCY BANDWIDTH 3. EMISSION TIME CONTROL 4. SIGNAL DIRECTIONALITY
58
WHAT IS THE MOST CRITICAL SIGNATURE FOR MOST AIRCRAFT? INFRARED OR RADAR? HMM? WHATCHA THINK?
ITS RADAR BITCH.
59
WHAT IS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT FORM OF RADAR REFLECTION?
SPECULAR REFLECTIONS
60
LIST THE FOUR BASIC METHODS TO MAKE AN AIRCRAFT STEALTHY
1. SHAPING 2. ABSORPTION 3. CANCELLATION 4. TRANSPARENCIES
61
DEFINE SHAPING
REFLECTING RADAR ENERGY INTO ANY DIRECTION OTHER THAN BACK TO THE RADAR SITE
62
DEFINE ABSORPTION
UTILIZE RADAR ABSORBENT MATERIAL TO TURN RADAR ENERGY INTO HEAT
63
DEFINE CANCELLATION
ACTIVELY OR PASSIVELY REFLECTED RADAR WAVES ADD TOGETHER TO CANCEL EACH OTHER OUT
64
DEFINE TRANSPARENCIES
ALLOW RADAR ENERGY TO PASS THROUGH THE MATERIAL WITH MINIMAL REDUCTION IN ENERGY OR CHANGE IN WAVE CHARACTERISTICS.
65
WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT OF THE FOUR BASIC METHODS OF AIRCRAFT RADAR STEALTH
SHAPING
66
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF SHAPING TECHNIQUES?
1. FACETED SHAPING 2. PLANFORM SHAPING 3. COMPOUND CURVE
67
DEFINE FACETED SHAPING
ORIENT FLAT SURFACES TO DEFLECT RADAR ENERGY AWAY FROM THE THREAT RADAR
68
DEFINE PLANFORM ALIGNMENT
RETURN A RADAR SIGNAL IN A VERY SPECIFIC DIRECTION AWAY FROM THE RADAR EMITTER
69
DEFINE COMPOUND CURVE
REPLACE STRAIGHT EDGES WITH CURVED EDGES TO REFLECT LESS RADAR ENERGY TOWARDS THE THREAT RADAR
70
LIST THE THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF E-RAM
1. NARROWBAND, THICK AND LIGHT
71
LIST THE THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF MAGRAM
BROADBAND, THIN AND HEAVY
72
LIST THE THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF RAS
BROADBAND THICK AND LIGHT
73
LIST THE FIVE SYSTEMS THAT MAY BE USED TO COUNTER THE LOW RADAR CROSS SECTION ADVANTAGE OF STEALTH AIRCRAFT
1. LOW FREQUENCY RADAR 2. BISTATIC RADAR 3. HIGH FREQUENCY RADAR 4. MULTISTATIC RADAR 5. PASSIVE COHERENT LOCATION SYSTEM