Jeopardy questions Flashcards
The concept that the DNA code is transcribed into the RNA code which is then translated into proteins is referred to as this.
Central dogma of biology
During transcription, one of the two DNA strands serves as this strand, providing the order of the complementary sequence of RNA nucleotides.
Template strand
The region of the DNA sequence to which RNA polymerase attaches is called this.
promoter
During this stage of transcription, RNA polymerase moves along the DNA adding RNA nucleotides to the 3’ end of the RNA polynucleotide.
elongation
During this process, introns are removed and exons joined to form a continuous coding RNA sequence.
RNA splicing
Translation takes place at the site of these molecules.
ribosomes
During translation, the flow of gene to protein is based on a series of nonoverlapping, three nucleotide codes called this.
codons
A cell translates an mRNA message into protein with the help of these which carry the amino acids
tRNAS
Many ribosomes can translate a single mRNA simultaneously, forming this structure.
polyribosome, or polysome
During initiation of translation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA, to tRNA carrying this amino subunit, and to the large ribosomal subunit to form the translation initiation complex
MET (methionine)
This is the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis
gene expression
In bacteria, this operon type is usually on, but can be turned off with a chemical corepressor.
repressible operon
This process condenses chromatin, reducing transcription and causing long-term inactivation of a gene
DNA methylation
Differences between cell types in multicellular organisms results from this type of gene expression
Differential gene expression
These substances, which influence early embryonic development, are unevenly distributed in the unfertilized egg cell
cytoplasmic determinants
This protein shell surrounds the viral nucleic acid.
capsid
These viruses have a protein tail piece that attaches to the host cell and injects the viral DNA inside.
bacteriophages or phages
Virulent phages reproduce via this cycle which leads to the death of the host cell.
lytic cycle
The viral DNA that is integrated in a eukaryotic host cell, or this, remains a permanent part of host cell DNA.
provirus
Retroviruses use this enzyme to copy their RNA genome into the host DNA strand.
reverse transcriptase
DNA sequencing and cloning are valuable tools for this, the manipulation of genes.
genetic engineering
To separate and visualize the DNA fragments produced by using restriction enzymes, a researcher will perform this test.
gel electrophoresis
To clone DNA, researches can insert a gene into a plasmid to produce this, which contains DNA from two sources
recombinant DNA molecule
A way to clone genes is through this process, which can amplify a specific sequence of DNA producing error-free copies.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
