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Board Study > Jennifer's Notes > Flashcards

Jennifer's Notes Flashcards

1
Q

How does hypocalcemia affect the EKG?

A

prolonged QT interval

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2
Q

How do you calculate normal vital capacity?

A

60-70 cc/kg

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3
Q

What is normal FEV/FVC?

A

> 80%

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4
Q

How do you calculate FEV for a healthy 75 kg man?

A

75 * 65 = 4875 Vc 4875 * 0.8 = 3900 cc FEV

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5
Q

What is a normal value for Vc for an average 70 kg man?

A

about 4 L

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6
Q

What is a normal value for TLC for an average 70 kg man?

A

5.5 L

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7
Q

What is the normal value for FRC for an average 70 kg man? How do you calculate FRC?

A

2.5 L 28 - 30 cc/kg

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8
Q

What is a normal value for RV in an average 70 kg man?

A

1.5 L

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9
Q

What is a normal value for ERV in an average 70 kg man?

A

1 L

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10
Q

What is a normal value for IC in an average 70 kg man?

A

3.5 L

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11
Q

How do you calculate dead space in adults?

A

2.5 ml/kg

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12
Q

How do you calculate dead space in peds?

A

2 ml/kg

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13
Q

Where is the hyoid bone in adults?

A

C3

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14
Q

How many alveoli does each lung have in an adult?

A

300 million

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15
Q

How many alvioli does each lung have in a newborn?

A

20 -50 million

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16
Q

What is the H&H for a newborn?

A

15- 20

44-64

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17
Q

What is the H&H for an child?

A

10 - 15

32 - 44

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18
Q

At what generation does gas exchange occur?

A

17 just past the terminal bronchioles

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19
Q

At what generation does alveolar ventilation occur?

A

23

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20
Q

What are causes of restrictive lung disease? (5)

A

PAINT

pleural

alveolar

interstitial

neuromuscular

thoracic

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21
Q

What are the causes of obstructive lung disease? (6)

A

emphysema

chronic bronchitis

cystic fibrosis

asthma

bronchioectasis

obliterans

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22
Q

What are factors that increase pulmonary resistance? (6)

A

hypoxemia

hypercarbia

pulmonary embolus

increased PEEP

acidosis

sympathetic stimulation

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23
Q

What doe the T1-T4 cardioaccelerator fibers do with respect to the lungs?

A

bronchodilation due to B2 activation

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24
Q

What is the order of least to most metabolized gases?

A

N2O Des Iso Sevo Halo

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25
Q

What is the treatment for a tet spell for a tetralogy of fallot patient?

A

increase preload (IV bolus of fluids)

minimize PVR (increase FiO2 and decrease paCO2)

increase SVR (knee-chess position and give phenylephrine)

consider negative inotropes (beta-blockade)

26
Q

What type of shunt is tetralogy of fallot characterized by?

A

right-to-left shunting (think of the hypoxia it causes)

27
Q

How do you treat pre-eclampsia?

A

labetalol or hydralazine

28
Q

What are drugs that effect SSEPs? (3)

A

ketamine

etomidate

volatile agents (use 1/2 mac)

29
Q

What is the equation for determining CO given MAP, SVR, and CVP?

A

MAP = (CO * SVR) + CVP

Make sure SVR is in woods units. If dyn·s/cm5, divide by 80. Normal SVR about 12.

30
Q

What is the major complication of a Bier block?

A

local anesthetic toxicity

31
Q

What are the first signs of lidocaine toxicity?

A

CNS symptoms include lightheadedness and dizziness

32
Q

What level is the cricoid in peds?

A

C4

33
Q

What is the O2 consumption in peds?

A

7 ml/kg compared to 3.5 ml/kg in adult

34
Q

What is ACLS protocol for treating SVT? (2)

A

Adenosine 6 mg

Verapamil 2.5 - 5 mg

35
Q

What is the treatment for a-fib, a-flutter? (5)

A

ablation

synchronized cardioversion

verapamil or diltiazem (slow the heart rate with Ca channel blocker)

beta blockers may be used as well

amiodarone, sotalol, flecainide (antiarrhythmic drugs)

36
Q

What is the PALs protocol for v-fib?

A

epi 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO

37
Q

What is ACLS protocol for v-fib?

A

1 mg

38
Q

What commonly used anesthesia drug does not cross placenta?

A

gyclopyrrolate

39
Q

What receptors are found on the vessels?

A

alpha 1

alpha 2

beta 2

40
Q

What position causes peroneal nerve damage?

A

lithotomy

41
Q

COPD causes what changes to PFTs? (4)

A

decreased FEV1/FVC ratio

decreased FEF25-75

increased RV

normal to increased FRC, TLC

42
Q

What is desmopressin?

A

synthetic replacement for vasopressin that reduces urine production

used to treat diabetes insipidus

43
Q

What are the names of the vitamin K dependent factors?

A

II prothrombin

VII stable factor, or, proconvertin

IX plasma thromboplastin component (Christmas factor)

X Stuart-Prower factor

44
Q

If you have the following lab values: pH = 7.60; CO2 = 30; HCO3- =22 What is the condition?

A

uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

A good resource to learn this quickly: http://www.teachingmedicine.com/pdf_files/ABG.pdf

45
Q

What nerve does the RLN originate from?

A

vagus

46
Q

What is associated with Ludwig’s angina?

A

dyspnea

47
Q

In a pt with muscular dystrophy, what should you consider regarding anesthetic technique?

A

NO SUX because it causes rhabo and death

48
Q

What are the mEq of 0.9 NS?

A

154 meq Na 154 meq Cl

49
Q

What would you expect regarding erythropoiten and ESRD?

A

anemia

50
Q

What 2 arteries form the basilar artery?

A

verebral

51
Q

What do inhaled agents cause to increase regarding the kidney?

Na absorption
GFR
RBF
Urine output
Creatinine

A

creatinine

52
Q

What is a physical sign of fat embolism?

A

petechiae

53
Q

What is the best abx to give pt with valve replacement?

A

ampicillin 2 g + gentamyacin 1.5 mg/kg

54
Q

What is the treatment for a-flutter?

A

cardioversin

55
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dantroline?

A

depresses excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle by binding to the ryanodine receptor, and decreasing free intracellular calcium concentration

56
Q

What is ranitidine mechanism of action?

A

competitive, reversible inhibitor of the action of histamine at the histamine H2-receptors found in gastric cells

57
Q

A 3 y/o African american girl has Hb 18, family hx of polycystic renal dz. Preop Hg is 10. What caused it?

A

nothing his is normal

58
Q

Blockade of what nerve that affects abduction of thumb?

A

median

59
Q

How many mA is needed to ellicit TOF?

A

20 mA?

60
Q

What are examples of R–>L shunts? (5)

A

Pulmonary atresia wih VSD, tricuspid atresia

Tetralogy of Fallot

Eisenmenger’s syndrome (severe) starts as L–>R but increased PHTN leads to reversal of shunt

Ebstein’s malformation of tricuspid

Patent foramen ovale

61
Q

What must you be careful of in pts with R–L shunts?

A

air embolism

L–R shunts are not of great concern because blood flows from systemic to pulmonary system

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