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Digital Music > Jazz Unit > Flashcards

Jazz Unit Flashcards

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1
Q

In what time period was jazz the shit?

A

1910’s - 1950’s

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2
Q

Who were the major SINGERS in jazz?

A

Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, Bobby Darin, Bessy Smith, Nat King Cole, Sammy Davis Jr., and Billie Holiday!

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3
Q

Who were the major INSTRUMENTALISTS in jazz?

A

Miles Davis (trumpet), Louis Armstrong (trumpet), John Coltrane (saxophone), Bix Beiderbecke (piano), Dizzy Gillespie (trombone), and Bill Evans (piano)!

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4
Q

Who were the major COMPOSERS in jazz?

A

George Gershwin, Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, Cole Porter, Thelonious Monk, Irving Berlin, and Chet Baker!

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5
Q

What instruments are used in jazz?

A

The saxophone, trumpet, trombone, piano, bass, and drums.

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6
Q

What family of instruments is the Saxophone a part of?

A

The woodwind family! - NOT brass

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7
Q

What instruement is played by pushing air between a reed and mouthpiece at different speeds?

A

The saxophone.

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8
Q

What does pushing air in the saxophone do?

A

It creates octave change.

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9
Q

If you unbent a trumpet how long would it be?

A

6 ½ feet.

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10
Q

What factors contribute to changing pitch on a trumpet?

A

The position of lips on the mouthpiece– NOT the amount of air pushed onto a reed. AND the buzzing of lips.

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11
Q

How does buzzing your lips impact the sound of the trumpet?

A

The faster the vibration and smaller the airway the higher the sound and vica versa for the low end of sound.

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12
Q

How is sound changed on a woodwind?

A

By changing the amount of air pushed onto the reed.

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13
Q

Which brass instrument has the biggest range?

A

The trombone due to the size of the mouthpiece.

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14
Q

How is sound changed on the trombone?

A

The adjustment of lip buzz, airway size and position of the slide on the trombone contribute to a change in pitch and octave.

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15
Q

How is sound made on the trombone?

A

By sliding the slide bar– instead of valves–, buzzing lips, and the size of airway.

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16
Q

What is the feeling usually emitted from the trombone in jazz music?

A

Weak, sad, crying, etc.

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17
Q

What are some words that describe the piano?

A

Bright (beautiful), Mello (Rich), Big (Grand)

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18
Q

How many keys is the piano comprised of?

A

88 white and black keys.

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19
Q

How is sound created on the piano?

A

By pressing down on the keys which makes a hammer thrust into tuned strings.

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20
Q

What is the most versatile instrument in jazz?

A

The piano because of its ability to both blend in tone, play solos and perform up to 10 notes in one given rhythm.

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21
Q

How is the string bass played in jazz?

A

By plucking the strings with one hand and holding the ridges at the top with the other.

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22
Q

How is sound created on the string bass?

A

By vibrating tightly adjusted strings which emanate sound through a sound board that echoes from the center of the instrument.

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23
Q

What is lowest of every instrument in the string family and every instrument played in most jazz music?

A

The string bass.

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24
Q

What is the most important fact about the bass in jazz music?

A

It’s the lowest pitched instrument in the Jazz band and is the anchor for almost every song.

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25
Q

How are the drums played?

A

Using multiple drums sticks ranging from hard end to soft depending on the tempo, style and mood of the song being played.

26
Q

What is the primary rhythmic instrument in jazz music along with the string bass?

A

The drums.

27
Q

What instrument in the jazz band is the primary source of tempo, rhythm and beat?

A

The drums.

28
Q

How is jazz harmony and theory unique?

A

It often extends beyond normal major and minor chords, often adding extensions. Most common extensions are the 7th scale degree and the occasional 2nd and 6th.

29
Q

Does jazz use swing eighths or normal eighths?

A

Swing eighths. – Inspired by Cuban dance music.

30
Q

Describe the difference between straight eighths and swung eighths.

A

Straight eights follow a 1, 2 beat making it very robotic. Swing eighths follow a 1, 2, 3 beat; swings from highs to lows making it dance-able.

31
Q

Which two intervals are usually active in jazz chords?

A

3rd & 7th

32
Q

Where did jazz rise to fame?

A

New Orleans!

33
Q

How was New Orleans different and why did it accept jazz while it was slandered?

A

It was strongly Afro-Cuban influenced and had a strong liberal presence flooded in a culture of music and celebration.

34
Q

Why did jazz rise in Louisiana?

A

Offered education to African Americans.

35
Q

Why was music such an active part of the culture in New Orleans?

A

The culture was heavily drenched in celebration and festivals.

36
Q

Why were many different minority groups in the area attracted to New Orleans?

A

African Americans grew the culture of brass big bands and were very involved in the city’s culture.

37
Q

How did brass big bands grow in the town?

A

They collaborated with groups that were meant to help emancipated African Americans post Civil War.

38
Q

What two groups of people got together to grow Jazz culture in the city of New Orleans?

A

African Americans and Cuban immigrants.

39
Q

What was the prominent way that jazz grew and expanded throughout New Orleans and further?

A

Dance and celebration.

40
Q

How did the genre’s execution change as the style grew?

A

It become something that was no longer played by highly trained musicians and grew into every neighborhood and community inside and outside New Orleans creating a “porch concert” atmosphere.

41
Q

What actively helped jazz grow in New Orleans?

A

Porch concerts, dance and celebration, brass big bands, etc.

42
Q

Who and when was the first jazz recording?

A

The Original Dixieland Band, in 1917 New York.

43
Q

What was Louie Armstrong’s main contribution to the Jazz genre in terms of changing how things were done in Jazz bands?

A

He developed a style apart from the brass band feel which changed started highlighting soloists in jazz.

44
Q

How did Jazz originate from African music and cultures?

A

Jazz music was based on African American Spirituals– songs conceived and sung exclusively by slaves while working.

45
Q

How did Creoles in the 1800’s change African American spirituals to help create Jazz music?

A

Creoles used it as the foundation of their early performing days and advanced these spiritual traditions from their simple forms to more advanced forms.

46
Q

Who was Scott Joplin?

A

A ragtime composer who is considered the most prolific composer of the sub-genre.

47
Q

What is a rag?

A

A piece of music written for the genre Ragtime. Known as black music and unsuitable for upper-class white citizens.

48
Q

Why was Ragtime not widely accepted in America?

A

It celebrated the “liberation” of Black people in the U.S. and the Whites were pressed. Not to mention, they would say it was “dirty” music and unsuitable for White ears.

49
Q

How did jazz travel to big cities?

A

African Americans and Creoles alike traveled to major cities, and they brought with them the style of jazz music.

50
Q

How did jazz find its way in cities?

A

Cities like Chicago and New York were hotspots for Jazz music in the 1920’s. Then it grew into a major continental style of music for all of North America.

51
Q

What big change happened to jazz and jazz big-bands with the introduction of microphones?

A

Singers became more common.

52
Q

What piece of electronic equipment helped the growth of Jazz in big cities?

A

The microphone.

53
Q

Where was vocal music almost exclusively in prior to jazz?

A

In classical music for the popular medium.

54
Q

What is crooning?

A

A vocal technique in jazz music where the singer would sing in smooth tones songs that are mostly on both sides of the emotional spectrum.

55
Q

What sort of topics do crooning songs cover?

A

Most Crooning songs cover light topics meant to entertain and relax the listener or deeper and more emotional material like rejection, loss and even death.

56
Q

How did Crooning advance the jazz genre?

A

It added another layer of depth; singing.

57
Q

Why is Crooning considered cultural appropriation?

A

The White folk were all over it and were recognized for it.

58
Q

What is scating?

A

The practice of singing random sounds and syllables along to a melody that is entirely created by the performer NOT the composer.

59
Q

What is improvisation in jazz?

A

The art of using your own musical intuition to create the sound delivered in performance. Something ENTIRELY created by the performer(s).

60
Q

What was America’s most popular style of music in the 30’s, 40’s and early 1950’s?

A

Jazz, babe, jazz.

61
Q

How did crooning grow in popularity?

A

Crooning became a popular event in nightclubs and concert halls and theatres across the country. Not to mention, popular radio stations across the nation would play crooning jazz music– along with big-band jazz music by the likes of Duke Ellington and Count Bassie and his Orchestra.

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