Jaundice part 2 Flashcards
what is jaundice
yellowing of the sclera/skin
what is jaundice caused by
increase in blood levels of bilirubin
what do portal triads contain
branch of hepatic vein, hepatic artery and bile duct
what lies between portal triads and central vein
rows of hepatocytes known as sinusoids
what is the blood supply for hepatocytes
hepatic artery
what type of blood passes through sinusoids
nutrient rich
what cleans the nutrient rich blood travelling through sinusoids to central vein
hepatocytes
what does the central vein drain into
hepatic veins
what is formed as a result of hepatocytes cleaning the nutrient rich blood in sinusoids
bile
where does the bile produced by hepatocytes travel to
bile duct in the opposite direction
where does the biliary tree carry bile from and to
from the gallbladder to the duodenum
which ducts unite to form the common hepatic ducts
right and left hepatic ducts
which ducts unite to form the common bile duct
common hepatic duct and cystic duct
where is bile released
second part of duodenum
is the bile duct anterior or posterior to the first part of the duodenum
posterior
what does the bile duct join with
main pancreatic duct
what does the bile duct and main pancreatic duct form
ampulla of Vater
what does the ampulla of Vater drain into
2nd part of duodenum
what does the ampulla of Vater drain through to reach 2nd part of duodenum
major duodenal papilla
what type of muscle is the bile duct sphincter made of
smooth
what type of muscle in the pancreatic duct sphincter made of
smooth
what type of muscle is the sphincter of Oddi made of
smooth
what does the sphincter of Oddi surround
major duodenal papilla
what investigation is used to study the biliary tree and pancreas
ERCP
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
in ERCP where is the cannula placed
major duodenal papilla
what is icterus another term for
jaundice
what two extra hepatic obstructions of the biliary tree can cause jaundice
gallstones
carcinoma at the head of pancreas
why does obstruction of biliary tree cause jaundice
floe of bile back up to the liver
bile over spills into the blood
where is the uncinate process of the pancreas
head
what surrounds the head of the pancreas
duodenum
what lies anterior to the pancreas
stomach
what lies superoposteriorly to the pancreas
splenic vessels
which cells produce the exocrine secretion of the pancreas
acinar cells
how does the exocrine pancreatic juice from pancreas enter the duodenum
via main pancreatic duct
which cells produce the endocrine secretion of the pancreas
pancreatic islets of Langerhans
what do the endocrine secretions of the pancreas (glucagon, insulin) enter
bloodstream
which nerves supply the pancreas
Vagus, Abdomino pelvic splanchnic nerves
what do the vagus and abdomino pelvic splanchnic nerves form around the celiac trunk
plexus
arterial supply of pancreas
splenic artery branches superior pancreaticoduodenal (gastroduodenal artery) inferior pancreaticoduodenal (superior mesenteric artery)
what can blockage of ampulla by gallstone cause
pancreatitis
where is pancreatic pain felt usually
epigastric region
umbilical region
patients back
what part of the duodenum is superior
first
what part of duodenum is descending
second
what part of duodenum is horizontal
third
what part of duodenum is ascending
fourth
where does the duodenum begin
pyloric sphincter
what does the duodenum secrete into the blood
peptide hormones
where does pain from the duodenal ulcer tend to present
epigastric region
arterial supply for duodenum
superior pancreaticoduodenal (gastroduodenal artery) inferior pancreaticoduodenal (superior mesenteric artery)
where does the ileum end
ileocacecal junction
where does the jejunum begin
duodenaljejunal flexion
how are jejunum and ileum distinguished from each other
mucosa of jejunum has plicae circulares
mucosa of distal ileum is much smoother
arterial blood supply of jejunum and ileum
SMA via jejunal and ileal arteries
venous drainage of jejunum and ileum
jejunal and ileal veins to SMV to heptal portal vein
what do vessels supplying the jejunum and ileum travel within
mesentery
what helps of the absorption of fats from the GI tract lumen into the intestinal cells
Bile
what are specialised lymphatic vessels of the small intestine called
lacteals
where do lacteals travel
via lymphatic system to venous system at left venous angle
which lymph nodes drain foregut organs
celiac lymph nodes
which lymph nodes drain midgut organs
superior mesenteric lymph nodes
which lymph nodes drain hindgut organs
inferior mesenteric lymph nodes
which lymph nodes drain the kidneys
lumbar lymph nodes
which lymph nodes drain posterior abdominal wall
lumbar lymph nodes
which lymph nodes drain pelvis
lumbar lymph nodes
which lymph nodes drain lower limbs
lumbar lymph nodes
where does the majority of lymph drain into
thoracic duct
where does the minority of lymph drain into
right lymphatic duct
where are venous angles
junction between subclavian and internal jugular veins
