Jarvis Chapter 24: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Heberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes are hard and nontender, and are associated with:
A. Dupuytren’s contracture.
B. osteoarthritis.
C. metacarpophalangeal bursitis.
D. rheumatoid arthritis.
B. osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis is characterized by hard, nontender nodules, 2 to 3 mm or greater in diameter. The osteophytes (bony overgrowths) of the distal interphalangeal joints are called Heberden’s nodes, and those of the proximal interphalangeal joints are called Bouchard’s nodes.
The divisions of the spinal vertebrae include:
A. cervical, thoracic, scaphoid, sacral, and clavicular.
B. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.
C. scapular, clavicular, lumbar, scaphoid, and fasciculi.
D. cervical, lumbar, iliac, synovial, and capsular.
B. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.
Humans have 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 3 to 4 coccygeal vertebrae.
When testing for muscle strength, the examiner should:
A. observe muscles for the degree of contraction when the individual lifts a heavy object.
B. estimate the degree of flexion and extension in each joint.
C. apply an opposing force when the individual puts a joint in flexion or extension.
D. measure the degree of force that it takes to overcome joint flexion or extension.
C. apply an opposing force when the individual puts a joint in flexion or extension.
The person should flex or extend muscle groups for each joint while the examiner applies an opposing force.
The knee joint is the articulation of three bones, which are the:
A. femur, tibia, and patella.
B. femur, fibula, and patella.
C. femur, radius, and olecranon process.
D. fibula, tibia, and patella.
A. femur, tibia, and patella.
The knee joint is the articulation of the femur, the tibia, and the patella.
When assessing for the presence of a herniated nucleus pulposus, the examiner would:
A. ask the patient to bend over and touch the floor while keeping the legs straight.
B. abduct and adduct the patient’s legs while keeping the knee extended.
C. instruct the patient to do a knee bend.
D. raise each of the patient’s legs straight while keeping the knee extended.
D. raise each of the patient’s legs straight while keeping the knee extended.
The straight leg raising (LaSègue) test reproduces back and leg sciatic pain and helps confirm the presence of a herniated nucleus pulposus. The examiner raises each leg straight while keeping the knee in extension.
Crepitation is an audible sound that is produced by:
A. roughened articular surfaces moving over each other.
B. flexion and extension of an inflamed bursa.
C. tendons or ligaments slipping over bones during motion.
D. joints being stretched when placed in hyperflexion or hyperextension.
A. roughened articular surfaces moving over each other.
Crepitation is an audible and palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement. It occurs when the articular surfaces in the joints have become roughened.
Bundles of muscle fibres that compose skeletal muscle are identified as:
A. fasciculi.
B. ligaments.
C. bursae.
D. tendons.
A. fasciculi.
Each skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibres, or fasciculi.
The production of red blood cells in bone marrow is called:
A. hemoptysis.
B. hemianopsia.
C. hemolysis.
D. hematopoiesis.
D. Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis is the production of the red blood cells in bone marrow (spongelike material in the cavities of bones).
The musculoskeletal system functions include:
A. storage and control.
B. protection and storage.
C. propulsion and preservation.
D. movement and elimination.
B. protection and storage.
The following are functions of the musculoskeletal system: provide support to stand erect; allow movement; encase and protect the inner vital organs; produce the red blood cells in bone marrow; and act as a reservoir for storage of essential minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus in bones.
