Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Japanese > JAPANESE GRAMMAR > Flashcards

JAPANESE GRAMMAR Flashcards

1
Q

What do you want to be in the future?

A

しょらい　noun に　なりたいですか。
Example: かんごふ　に　なりたいです。
Example: I want to become a nurse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

About noun

A

Noun + について。。。。
Example: イタリアについて　はなしてください。
Example: Please talk about italy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

I like to do… / I like doing…

A

Verb plain form + ことが好きです。
Example: ビーチに行くことが好きです
Example: I like to go to the beach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

My hobby is verb

A

しゅみは sentence in plain form + ことです。
Example: しゅみは　かいもの　を　することです。
Example: My hobby is going shopping.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Joining Sentences

*Tense is shown at the end of the sentence.

A

verbて、verbて、〜ました.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

I did ~ and ~ and ~ (Listing activities in no specific order - no sequence)

A

*change て form to たり。
〜たり、〜たり、〜たり、しました。
Example: ともだちのうちにいたり、バスケットボル　を　したり、ふく　を　買ったり　しました。
Example: I went to a friends house, played basketball, and bought some clothes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Try it/do it and see what you think

A

Verb て　+ 見ます。*みます can be in any tense (した、る）
Example: バンジージャンプ を　してみたくないです。
Example: I don’t want to try bungee jumping.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

I want to…/I don’t want to…

A 
ます　ー＞　たいです。　OR 　　ます　ー＞　たくないです。
あきこさん　に　会いたいです。
I want to meet Akiko.
まだ　うち　に　かえりたくないです。
I don't want to go home yet.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Giving thoughts and Opinions ‘I think..’

A

The thought in p.f. 　 と　思います

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Saying ‘because..’ or ‘so…’

A

‘Reason sentence’ から ‘consequence sentence’
のどが　かわいた　から、みす　を　たくさん　飲みました。
I was thirsty, so I drank a lot of water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

I’m interested in…

A

〜に　きようみ　が　あります。
〜に　きようみ　を　もっています。
日本の　ぶんか　に　きようみ　が　あります。
I have an interest in Japan’s Culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Saying ‘which’

A

(item being compared #1) と（item #2) と、どちらの方が　＋　adj/noun/verb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Saying ‘Than…’

A

より (the thing that it is more than, goes second)
ざっし　より　本　の　方が　高いです。
Books are more expensive than magazines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Preferences (which do you prefer)

A

どちら　の　方が　好きです。
日本語　と、　英語　と、　どちら　の　方が　好きですか。
Which do you prefer, Japanese or English?

If you like both things,
どちら　も好きです。

If you don’t like either
どちらも好きじゃないです。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which one? (More than 2 items)

A

Item と item と item の中で どれ が 一番 value desu.
日本語と英語とすがくの中でどれが　ー番　むずかしいです。
Which is the most difficult, Japanese, English or Maths?
すがくが一番　むずかしいです。
Maths is the most difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Before - 前（に）

A

Noun の 前
Plain future verb + 前 に
おべんとう　食べる　前に　手　を　あらってください。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

After - 後（で）

A

Noun の 後
Plain past verb + 後で (て form -> た）
シャワーシャワー　を　あびた　後で　すぐ　ねること　か　好きです。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

After/since

A

て form verb + から

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When = 時（に）

A

Plain verb/adj ANY tense + 時（に）
Descriptive noun + な + 時
Noun の + 時

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

While = ながら＝(Same person, same time, two actions)

A

verb base + ながら (belongs to verb on left)
えいが　を　みながら、食べること 食べることが　好きです。好きです。
I like to eat while watching movies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

During an action = 間

A

いadj + 間
なadj/noun の 間
Verb (present tense in plain form i.e. ている) + 間

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Saying Because or so

A

(Verb/adj) in p.f. + ので　

Desc. noun + noun + な　＋　ので

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Saying ‘The most’

A

Noun AとNoun BとNoun C と・では　どれが　　　　　一番　。。。。ですか。

Noun AとNoun BとNoun C と・では　どれを　一番　。。。。　ますか。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Saying i’ve heard

A

Verb plain forms → add そうです・そうた。
Adj Plain form → add そうです・そうた。
Descriptive noun/noun→ add だ　＋　そうです・そうた。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Saying it looks/sounds

A

Verb(Drop ます）
Adj (Drop　い）　＋　そうです。
Descriptive noun

Describing what things are like;
Verb, Adj, Des. Noun in it’s そう form + な + Noun

Describing how something is done
Adjective in its そう form + に + Verb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do you plan/intend to do?

A

何　を　p.f. つもり　です。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Experience - have you ever done

A

Sentence in p.f. + ことがあります。
Twilight という本をよんだことがありますか。
Have you ever read the book called Twilight?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Advice - advising/telling not to do

A

Plain negative verb + 方がいいです。
とても　高いです。買わない　方がいいです。
It’s very expensive. It is better if you don’t buy it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Advice - it is better if you do/you’d better/you should

A

Plain past positive verb + 方がいいです。
えんぴつで書いた方がいいですね。
You better write in pencil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Please Dont

A

Plain negative verb + でください。
すみません、ここで　タバコ　を　すわないでください。
Excuse me, please don’t smoke here.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Do A instead of doing B

A

Plain negative verb + で, sentence 2.
今日　学校　に行かないで、海　に　行きました。
Instead of going to school, I went to the beach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

You must, you have to

A

Plain negative verb (drop い) + ければなりません。
ねる前に　は　を　みがかなければなりません。
Before you go to bed, you must brush your teeth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Do A without doing B

A

Plain negative verb + で, sentence 2.
さとうを　つけくわえないで　コーヒー　を　飲みます。
I drink coffee without adding sugar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Joining sentences

A 
Sentence 1 て form, Sentence 2.
朝ごはんを食べて、ピアノをれんしゅうして、学校　に　行きました。
I ate breakfast, practised the piano and went to school.
Adj い (Drop い) + くて....
Adj な (Drop な) + で....
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Asking if one differs from the other

A

Item one　は　 item two と　ちがいますか。
パス　は　ケアンズ　と　ちがいますか。
Is Perth different to Cairns?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Asking how one item is different from another

A

Item one は item two と どうちがいますか。
インドカレーと日本のカレーはどうちがいますか。
How is indian curry different from Japanese curry?

37
Q

Asking for one’s opinion on how two items are different

A

Item one は item two と どうちがと思います。
シドニーはメルボルン　と　どうちうと思いますか。
How are Sydney and Melbourne different?

38
Q

Asking if/saying that two items are the same

A

Item one は item two と おなじですか。
これはあれと同じですか。
Are this and that the same?

39
Q

Asking for someone’s opinion if two things are the same

A

Item one は item two と おなじだと思いますか。
おおすとラリア　の　クリスマス　は　日本の　クリスマス　と　おなじだ　と　思いますか。
Do you think australian christmas and Japanese christmas are the same?

40
Q

Asking if two items/people resemble each other

A

Item one は item two と に　にていますか。
あなたはゆうめいなひに似ていますか。
Do you resemble a famous person? (celebrity)

41
Q

Giving/Receiving

A

Giver は　recipient　に thing を　あげます。–> I/we give to someone
Recipient は giver に/から　thing を もらいます。–> I/we receive from someone
Giver は/が me/us に thing を くれます。–> Someone gives to me/us.
** は emphasises the word that comes AFTER
** が emphasises the word that comes before.

42
Q

Easy to do…/Hard to do…

A

Easy to…
Verb base + やすいです。
このくつははきやすい。
These shoes are easy to wear

Hard to do…
Verb base + にくいです。
ステキ　は　おはし　で　食べにくい。
Steaks are difficult to eat with chopsticks

43
Q

Excess/too much

A 
Verb base + すぎます。
Adj な (Drop な)　＋　すぎます
Adj い (Drop い)　＋　すぎます。
はやすすぎます。　後で　１５分　に　行きましょう。
Too Early! Let’s go after 15 minutes.
44
Q

Might/May

A

Plain form + かもしれません。
Plain form + かもしれない。
あした　あめが　フル　かもしれません。
It might rain tomorrow.

45
Q

If/when - hypothetically

A

Plain past　〜たら

Ｅ。G。さむい　ー＞　さむかったら。

46
Q

Koto - used in equational sentences

A

Noun は　Noun ことです。
しゅみはえを書くことです。
My hobby is to draw pictures.

47
Q

++ It’s ok if you do…/You’re Allowed to…

A

してもいいです。
母の　くるま　を　うんてんlてもいいです。
I’m Allowed to drive my Mum’s car.

48
Q

+- It’s not ok if you do…/you’re not allowed to do

A

しては　いけません　・　しては　だめ　です。
しんせつ　で　ばんごはん　を　食べて　はいけません。
I’m not allowed to eat dinner in my bedroom.

49
Q

-+ It’s ok if you don’t…/You don’t have to…

A

しなくてもいいです。
あした、れんしゅう　に　行かなくてもいいです。
You don’t have to go to training tomorrow.

50
Q

– You have to, you must

A

しなければなりません。
にちじょう、みず　を　のまなければなりません。
You must drink water every day.

51
Q

は

A
  • Marks the topic of a sentence

ぼくはトムです。

52
Q

が

A

Marks the subject of a sentence. It is used to talk about:

  • Likes or dislikes:
  • Someone’s ability:
  • existence, using あります or います:　
  • physical appearance:　
  • what you can or cannot do:
53
Q

も

A

means ‘too’ or ‘also’

54
Q

を

A

marks the object of a sentence. it answers ‘what’ about the verb. It is used when someone is doing something.

55
Q

の

A
  • Shows possession (my book)
  • Shows location (Nagasaki in Kyushu)
  • Shows relationship (My Friend, Anna)
  • Tells what a person is (my older brother is a university student)
56
Q

か

A
  • Indicates a question and is similar to the english question mark.
  • It is used at the end of a sentence
57
Q

ね

A
  • Is used at the end of a sentence when you want to make a tag question.
  • Such as ‘isnt it?’ or ‘don’t you?’
  • You use it when you are asking for agreement
58
Q

よ

A

Is used at the end of a sentence to;

  • Emphasise what you are saying (It’s Noisy!)
  • When you assume you have more knowledge about something than the listener (Crepes are delicious you know?)
59
Q

へ

A

Means ‘to’ or ‘dear’ when it is used at the start of a letter or an email, pronounced ‘e’.

60
Q

に

A
  • After a place means ‘at’, ‘in’, or ‘on’. (I live in nagasaki)
  • に with a place and the verbs 行きますor きます, means ‘to’ (I went to the park)
  • に with a place and the verbs あります or います, means ‘at’, ‘in’, or ‘on.’ (The book is on tv)
  • に with a person or thing means ‘for’ that person or thing. (I bought a present for my teacher)
  • に with a time means ‘at’, ‘in’ or ‘on’. (I get up at 6 o’clock)

**に is not used with;
- now, yesterday, today, tomorrow, last week, this week, next week, last month, this month, next month, last year, this year, next year, or a time word that includes ‘every’/.
E.g. What did you do yesterday? (を)

61
Q

と

A
  • と means ‘and’ . It is used to connect nouns (I bought a book and a CD)
  • と means ‘with’ someone (I watched a video with friends)
62
Q

で

A
  • で with a transportation word means ‘by’ (Let’s go by train)
  • で with a language means ‘in’ (What is ‘pencil’ in japanese)
  • で with a tool means ‘with’ or ‘in’ (Write it with a black pen)
  • で with a place means, ‘at’, ‘in’, or ‘on’ the place where you do something (I ate in a restaurant)
  • で with numbers of people means the total number (I went alone)
63
Q

Saying ‘but’ or ‘however’

A

Verbs –> + が or けれども
Adjectives + です + が or けれども
Descriptive nouns and nouns + です + が or けれども

64
Q

About noun

A

Noun の + こと

65
Q

Describing How things are

A

Verb て form ＋ います。

66
Q

Saying what people and things are called: An X called Y

A

Noun Y という Noun X

name goes first, thing goes second

67
Q

Saying ’i’ll go and…’

A

Verb て form + きます。

68
Q

Plain form

A

Adjectives –> Drop です

Descriptive Nouns and Nouns

  • Present –> replace です with だ
  • Negative present –> drop です
  • Past –> replace でした with だった
  • Negative past - drop です

Verbs

  • Group 1 verbs (+ p.f.) –> drop ます add る
  • Group 1 Verbs (- p.f.) –> drop ます add ない
  • Group 2 verbs (+ p.f.) –> drop ます and the kana before it + replace dropped kana with next hiragana DOWN the kana alphabet
  • Group 2 verbs (- p.f.) –> drop ます and the kana before it + replace the dropped kana with the next hiragana UP the kana alphabet and add ない
  • ** For う ending Group two verbs, replace あ with わ　ー　会います –> 合わない
69
Q

Indicating uncertainty - saying ‘probably..’ ‘isn’t it?’

A

Polite form –>でしょう
Plain Form –> だろう

Verb plain forms + でしょう/だろう
Adj Plain forms + でしょう/だろう
Descriptive noun plain + でしょう/だろう
Noun + + でしょう/だろう

70
Q

Changes - To become

A

Adjective (Drop い Add く) + なります。
Descriptive Noun (Drop な Add に) + なります。
Noun (Add に) + なります。

71
Q

Plain Past form

A

Positive Plain Past
Group 1 てForm –> Drop て + た
Negative Plain Past
Group 1 negative P.F –> Drop い add かった

Positive Plain Past
Group 2 てForm –> Drop て/で and add た/だ
Negative Plain Past
Group 2 negative P.F –> drop い add かった

72
Q

Giving reasons with plain form verbs

A

Reason + から

73
Q

Saying ‘from…to..’

A

Place/time から Place/time まで

74
Q

Having, bringing and taking (THINGS)

A

持っている –> to have
持ってく –> to take
持ってくる –> to bring
持ってかえる –> to take home

75
Q

Having, bringing and taking (PEOPLE)

A

つれている –> someone has another person with them
つれていく–> to take someone
つれてくる –> to bring someone
つれてかえる –> to take someone home

76
Q

‘This big, ‘that expensive’

A

こんなに –> this much
そんなに –> that much
あんなに –> that much (external)

77
Q

Doing things for others

A

verb て form + あげます/くれます

78
Q

Things beginning

A

ます base + はじめます/はじめる

ます base　だします/だす (generally used with natural phenomena and other things which start spontaneously)

79
Q

Doing a variety of things

A

Verb plain past + り + する

80
Q

Indicating a purpose using に

A

ます base + に + a verb of motion
近くのレストランへ食べに行きましょう。
Let’s go to a nearby restaurant to eat.

81
Q

I have to…/you have to…

A

Verb negative plain form + Drop ない + なければりません/なければいけません。(I have to/You have to)

82
Q

Saying ‘Don’t…’., and ‘instead of…’

A

Verb negative plain form + で＋ください

83
Q

The negative て form

A

Verb/adj/desc. noun/noun negative plain form + Drop い + くて

84
Q

Saying ‘i’m glad…’

A

〜て form + よかった

85
Q

Reporting what someone says

A

Content of the persons statement in plain form と いう/言います。

86
Q

Trying something to see what it is like

A

Verb て form + 見ます。

87
Q

Doing Something to completion

A

Verb て form + しまいます。

88
Q

It would be good or nice if… , I hope… , I wish..

A

たら form of verb, adj, noun + いいです/よかったです（about the future/about the past)

89
Q

Talking about past experiences

A

verb plain past form add ことがあります。。

Japanese (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions