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Japanese Expansion Flashcards

1
Q

What were the Opium Wars?

A

There were two opium wars in which Britain makes opium in India and sells it in China. The Chinese government tries to stop the trade but the addiction epidemic is stronger

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2
Q

What were the causes of the opium wars?

A

The Silver drain that gave all the silver in china made the british feels emasculated, so they decided to spread an opium epidemic throughout China to gain back the silver

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3
Q

What were the effects of the Opium Wars?

A

China had to give Hong Kong to Britain

Treaty of nanjing was signed after the british captured the city in China, which allowed for an increase in British influence over the country

China was made to signed the treaties of tianjin, which gave over power of Beijing to the British

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4
Q

When were the Opium Wars?

A

1839-1842

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5
Q

When was the arrival of Commodore Perry?

A

July 8, 1853

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6
Q

What was Commodore Perry’s mission?

A

To force Japan to open trade

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7
Q

Why did the US want to expand into the Pacific Ocean?

A

U.S. needed a coaling station in Southeast Asia for their navy

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8
Q

What was the effect of the arrival of commodore Perry?

A

The power of the shogunate was broken

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9
Q

Why did Tokugawa Yoshinobu sign the US Treaty of Peace and Amity?

A

Tokugawa Yoshinobu feared the west would treat them like Britain treated China

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10
Q

What was the effect of the convention of Kanagawa?

A

ended 220 years of Japanese seclusion when Japan allowed foreign trade to US exports

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11
Q

What were the daimyos’ reactions to the convention of Kanagawa?

A

Daimyos who did not like the western influence on Japan felt like the convention of Kanagawa cheated the emperor and they did not like the sudden entrance of westerners

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12
Q

When was the convention of Kanagawa held?

A

March 31, 1854

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13
Q

When did the Meiji emperor ascend?

A

February 3 1867

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14
Q

Why did the Meiji period start?

A

Wanted to modernize Japan after seeing how its position on the global scale was becoming inferior to other countries around the world

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15
Q

When was the 1st Sino-Japanese War?

A

1894

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16
Q

What was the 1st sino-Japanese war over?

A

Both china and japan wanted control over korea as it had coal and iron

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17
Q

What was the result of the 1st sino-Japanese war?

A

Japan got korea, Taiwan, the Penghu Islands, and the Liaodong Peninsula and received of 200 million taels of silver in war reparations

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18
Q

When was the triple intervention formed?

A

April 23, 1895

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19
Q

What was the Triple Intervention?

A

a diplomatic intervention by Russia, Germany, and France towards Japan

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20
Q

What was the cause of the triple intervention?

A

the harsh terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki imposed by Japan on Qing dynasty China that ended the First Sino-Japanese War.

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21
Q

What was the effect of the formation of the triple intervention?

A

Japan had to give back the Liaodong Peninsula to China for additional indemnity of 30,000,000 taels

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22
Q

When was the Boxer Rebellion?

A

Nov 2, 1899 – Sep 7, 1901

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23
Q

What was the boxer rebellion?

A

an uprising against foreigners in China

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24
Q

What caused the Boxer Rebellion?

A

Economic disputes between China and foreign entities due to the opium wars
Cause a lot of anti-western feelings in China

25
Q

When was the Amur River Society established?

A

1901

26
Q

What was the Amur River Society?

A

an ultranationalist, right-wing organization, with significant influence over Japanese foreign policy

27
Q

Why was the Amur River Society established?

A

Believed that japan was meant to be the leader of asia and should focus their efforts on expanding around the world

28
Q

What fear led to the establishment of the Amur River Society?

A

Feared that russia would impede on this plan by invading the Korean peninsula and Manchuria

29
Q

What were the effects of the establishment of the Amur River Society?

A

limited Russian influence over asia, specifically near japan

30
Q

When was the Russo-Japanese war?

A

Feb 8, 1904 – Sep 5, 1905

31
Q

What was the cause of the Russo-Japanese War?

A

the territorial claims both countries made on Manchuria (an area partly in Russia and partly in China) and the Empire of Korea.

32
Q

What was the effect of the Russo-Japanese war?

A

This war marked the first time an asian country won against a western power, creating a shift in global power

33
Q

When did empress dowager Cixi die?

A

November 15, 1908

34
Q

Who was Empress Dowager Cixi?

A

Cixi wanted to transform China into a constitutional monarchy, but could not finish because of her her death in 1908

35
Q

What happened after Empress Dowager Cixi’s death?

A

the imperial system was overthrown three years after her death, in 1911, and China became a republic

36
Q

When was the Guomindang created?

A

25 August 1912

37
Q

What was the Guomindang?

A

Chinese Nationalist Party, was China’s largest revolutionary and republican party until the late 1930s.

38
Q

What did Guomindang achieve?

A

achieved reunification in 1927-28

39
Q

What were the 21 demands?

A

claims made by the Japanese government to have better treatment ad opportunities in China during WW1

40
Q

When were the 21 demands made?

A

Jan. 18, 1915

41
Q

What were the 21 demands?

A

claims made by the Japanese government to have better treatment ad opportunities in China during WW1

42
Q

Why did Japan raise the 21 demands?

A

Japan wanted access to inner mongolia for its raw materials, a site where they could manufacture their products and as a buffer for russian activities in the Korean Peninsula

43
Q

What was the aftermath of the 21 demands?

A

Japan got access to Coastal ports in China

Caused hatred towards Japan, led to the May Fourth Movement, and a significant upsurge in nationalism.

44
Q

What was the result of the treaty of Versailles?

A

The German army was limited to 100,000 men and had to give many war reparations

45
Q

When was the treaty of Versailles?

A

1919

46
Q

When was the Russian Civil War?

A

The red army defended lenin’s bolshevik government against monarchists

47
Q

What was a catalyst for the Russian Civil War?

A

the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia

48
Q

When was the end of the Taisho Democracy?

A

1921-1927

49
Q

What led to the end of the Taisho democracy?

A

Increase price of rice led to rice riots
heavy impact of the Great Depression

50
Q

What period succeeded they Taisho democracy?

A

The Heisei period

51
Q

When was the public security preservation law?

A

1894-1925

52
Q

What was the purpose of the public preservation law?

A

designed to suppress political dissent from the left as movies and popular journals promoted Western-style individualism, making authorities worry about a lack of social discipline.

53
Q

What was the Chinese exclusion act or the US immigration act of 1924?

A

Stopped asians from immigrating to the US and put quotas on the number of immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere.

54
Q

What led to the US immigration act of 1924?

A

The book, A Statue for Our Harbor led to fear of chinese immigrants

55
Q

What did the US Immigration Act of 1924 do?

A

banned Chinese immigration and prohibited Chinese from becoming citizens

56
Q

What was the Northern Expedition of First United Front

A

a military campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) of the Kuomintang (KMT)

57
Q

What caused the Northern Expedition of First United Front

A

warlordism that epitomized China after the Xinhai Revolution

58
Q

When was the Northern Expedition of First United Front?

A

1926-1927

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