Japan Vocab Flashcards
https://quizlet.com/_c0fif9?x=1jqt&i=3wdp36 (quizlet vers.)
Sakoku
Closed country
Shogun
A military dictator
Diet
Public house representation of the government
Black Ships
Commodore Perry’s black ships arrived in Japan during Tokugawa Yoshinobu and threatened them, leading up to the Treaty of Kanagawa
Treaty of Kanagawa
1854, Opened ports for fueling and granted the US “most favored nation” status
Meiji Restoration
Emperor Meiji wanted to make Japan modern, civilized, and westernized; Promoted national unity and patriotism under a “rich country, strong military”
Zaibatsu
Large conglomerate corporations from Meiji Japan that had significant political power; dominated Japanese economy and had ties with the military
Sun Goddess
God in Shintoism; created Japan and Japanese imperial families were descendants
Throwing off Asia
Meiji’s philosophy on foreign policy in which Japan must abandon Asian neighbors (China / Korea) to become a “first-class” country and colonize Asia before West; deal with Asia as the West would
Article Five of the Charter Oath
1868; military reform; Japan seeking worldly knowledge for military development (training w/ Prussia & buying warships from Britain)
Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors
1882 Emperor’s official ethics code for the military where soldiers must be loyal to Emperor, avoid politics & respect civilians. Made to strengthen bond between military, public, and emperor
Samurai Legacy / Bushido Code
Developed to obtain the public’s support for expansionism; emphasized self-sacrifice and fighting to the death, paired with Imperial Rescript
Espirit-de-corps
Spirit of the collective, also applied to industrial workers; sense of unity
Treaty of Kanghwa / Japan-Korea Treaty of Amity
1876; Japan forced Korea into an unequal treaty via gunboat diplomacy; secured special rights to the Jap. people; exchange of diplomatic agents/additional ports and cities for trade (basically Treaty of Kanagawa)
First Sino-Japanese War
1894-1895; Began as a Korean rebellion against Japan, but ended in a convincing Japanese victory over China, a country that was much larger and had British support; boosted Japan morale and led to the treaty that gave them Korea (Treaty of Shimonoseki)
Treaty of Shimonoseki
Treaty forcing China to recognize independence of Korea and make concessions to Japan 1895
Triple Intervention
Germany, Russia, and France forced Japan to give up the Liaodong Peninsula
Anglo-Japanese Alliance
1902, if Japan fought with Russia they wouldn’t have to worry about other powers. Strengthened Japan’s position & was later replaced by the Four Powers Treaty
Treaty of Portsmouth
Treaty between Russia and Japan ending the Russo-Japanese War 1905
Twenty-One Demands
Japan issued to China; to agree to the Japanese remaining in Shandong, grant Japan extra commercial privileges in Manchuria, not to lease coastal territories to others, and accept political/financial/military advisors sent from Japan
Racial Equality Clause
Formal acceptance that Japanese race was not holding Britain and US down
Washington Treaty System
A series of treaties signed by Japan in the 1920’s to reduce armies
Four Power Treaty
1921, USA, Britain, France, and Japan were to confer if there was a crisis in the Pacific
Five Power Treaty
1921, Limited the tonnage of US, British, Japanese, French & Italian navies; 5:5:3 ratio (US,B,J) respectively + 1.75 ratio (F & I)
