Japan - ageing population Flashcards
list and state the environmental factors of Japan
- relief
- climate
- tectonic activity
- farming
- fishing
what is the relief of Japan like and the affect on the nation?
mountainous archipelago with islands (Honshu biggest). 70% land is mountainous so people live in small proportion of land so urban areas densely populated. Islands contain fertile valleys and narrow coastal plains
What is climate like in Japan and it’s effect?
large north-south extension so climate varies in regions. Mainly temperate but ranges from long cold winters in Hokkaido and coast in North to subtropical in southernmost islands (jan reaches 17). Most cities including Tokyo is temperate to subtropical with 4 seasons. Winters are mild and summers hot and humid. Riny seasons in early summer and typhoons hit parts every year late summer.
what is tectonic activity like in Japan and what has it provided?
several continental plates meet so experiences frequent earthquakes and volcanoes. Volcanic eruptions gives fertile soils
what is farming like in Japan?
fertile soils with temperate seasonal warmth has fostered intensive agricultural production so pop grew and thrived despite potential of hazards. Terracing is done to overcome relief and increase farmland.
what is fishing like in Japan?
archipelagic nature of Japan meant it became seafaring nation with a strong fishing industry which provides for the nation
what are resources like in Japan?
small amounts of fossil fuels and mineral deposits
who were originally breadwinners and how has this changed?
males originally breadwinners but as post industrial service increased well educated females became more important
what impact did more educated females have on Japan’s population?
may have impacted fertility and birth rates
fertility rate = 1.4
birth rate = 8.3/1000
death rates = 9.9/1000
what is happening naturally to Japan’s population but what is stabilising it?
naturally decreasing but stabilised due to migration
what stage of demographic transition model is Japan and what is predicted to happen to population by 2050?
stage 5
predicted to decline by 30% in 2050 and half by 2050
what is the culture of Japan like?
very traditional and paternalistic with loyalty from people who work hard
what is work ethic like?
extremely hard
what is the average life expectancy?
83 which is the highest in the world
what is the dependency ratio?
60 due to more over 65s than under 15s
what is Japan going to experience due to a high dependency ratio?
a demographic timebomb by 2025 its predicted 33% of pop will be over 65 increasing to 38% by 2050. pop decline means there is not enough young people to replace the older population dying out.
list 5 socio economic factors:
- healthcare
- diet
- air cleanliness
- education
- contraception
healthcare in Japan
excellent healthcare, sanitation and high living standards increases life expectancy
diets in Japan
very low fat diet with few obesity and heart disease problems
air quality in Japan?
clean and use few fossil fuels rely on nuclear and hydroelectric power and use lots of public transport
education in Japan
women receive good education and are focussed on careers so have few children
contraception in Japan
accessible and widely used
few religious or social taboos
pensions in Japan (implication)
25% of gov budget is spent on pensions
2025 problem and timebomb
40% all gov spending on elderly
healthcare implication in Japan
since 1960s only a small part of medical care is paid for by retirees through a universal system
