Japan - ageing population Flashcards

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1
Q

list and state the environmental factors of Japan

A
  • relief
  • climate
  • tectonic activity
  • farming
  • fishing
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2
Q

what is the relief of Japan like and the affect on the nation?

A

mountainous archipelago with islands (Honshu biggest). 70% land is mountainous so people live in small proportion of land so urban areas densely populated. Islands contain fertile valleys and narrow coastal plains

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3
Q

What is climate like in Japan and it’s effect?

A

large north-south extension so climate varies in regions. Mainly temperate but ranges from long cold winters in Hokkaido and coast in North to subtropical in southernmost islands (jan reaches 17). Most cities including Tokyo is temperate to subtropical with 4 seasons. Winters are mild and summers hot and humid. Riny seasons in early summer and typhoons hit parts every year late summer.

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4
Q

what is tectonic activity like in Japan and what has it provided?

A

several continental plates meet so experiences frequent earthquakes and volcanoes. Volcanic eruptions gives fertile soils

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5
Q

what is farming like in Japan?

A

fertile soils with temperate seasonal warmth has fostered intensive agricultural production so pop grew and thrived despite potential of hazards. Terracing is done to overcome relief and increase farmland.

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6
Q

what is fishing like in Japan?

A

archipelagic nature of Japan meant it became seafaring nation with a strong fishing industry which provides for the nation

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7
Q

what are resources like in Japan?

A

small amounts of fossil fuels and mineral deposits

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8
Q

who were originally breadwinners and how has this changed?

A

males originally breadwinners but as post industrial service increased well educated females became more important

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9
Q

what impact did more educated females have on Japan’s population?

A

may have impacted fertility and birth rates
fertility rate = 1.4
birth rate = 8.3/1000
death rates = 9.9/1000

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10
Q

what is happening naturally to Japan’s population but what is stabilising it?

A

naturally decreasing but stabilised due to migration

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11
Q

what stage of demographic transition model is Japan and what is predicted to happen to population by 2050?

A

stage 5
predicted to decline by 30% in 2050 and half by 2050

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12
Q

what is the culture of Japan like?

A

very traditional and paternalistic with loyalty from people who work hard

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13
Q

what is work ethic like?

A

extremely hard

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14
Q

what is the average life expectancy?

A

83 which is the highest in the world

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15
Q

what is the dependency ratio?

A

60 due to more over 65s than under 15s

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16
Q

what is Japan going to experience due to a high dependency ratio?

A

a demographic timebomb by 2025 its predicted 33% of pop will be over 65 increasing to 38% by 2050. pop decline means there is not enough young people to replace the older population dying out.

17
Q

list 5 socio economic factors:

A
  • healthcare
  • diet
  • air cleanliness
  • education
  • contraception
18
Q

healthcare in Japan

A

excellent healthcare, sanitation and high living standards increases life expectancy

19
Q

diets in Japan

A

very low fat diet with few obesity and heart disease problems

20
Q

air quality in Japan?

A

clean and use few fossil fuels rely on nuclear and hydroelectric power and use lots of public transport

21
Q

education in Japan

A

women receive good education and are focussed on careers so have few children

22
Q

contraception in Japan

A

accessible and widely used
few religious or social taboos

23
Q

pensions in Japan (implication)

A

25% of gov budget is spent on pensions
2025 problem and timebomb
40% all gov spending on elderly

24
Q

healthcare implication in Japan

A

since 1960s only a small part of medical care is paid for by retirees through a universal system

25
Q

working population implication of Japan

A

shrinking quickly negatively impacting domestic economic growth

26
Q

home care implication in Japan

A

rise in home care by families who have to give up jobs to become solo carers taking away from economic work force

27
Q

care service implication in Japan

A

pressure on services from elderly means more medical and care workers needed

28
Q

role of NGO’s implication

A

increased pressure on them to provide care

29
Q

loneliness and quality of life

A

increasing numbers of elderly living in poor housing or ending up in prison. reoffending high as prison provides better care for some. 3.8 million elderly live alone. more having to return to work

30
Q

manufacturing and globalisation impacts

A

Japanese manufacturing is still greatly successful and income from large TNC’s like Toyota still brings in revenue to support domestic economy

31
Q

private healthcare

A

growth specifically for elderly creating jobs and incomes

32
Q

leisure industry

A

increasing demand for leisure activities and tourism among affluent elderly creating jobs and incomes

33
Q

AI in Japan

A

robot tech specific to Japan is already worth 1 billion US dollars.
Japan want to built partner robots to assist the elderly, bionic limbs to aid mobility, fetching and carrying and even going to the loo

34
Q

why have taxes been raised?

A

been raised by 5% with intent to raise by another 5% to gain revenue to maintain care for elderly

35
Q

what is the government encouraging couples to do?

A

people to have more children with pre natal policies. parents get tax reductions for each child and motherhood showed positively on media

36
Q

what else is the government encouraging?

A

robot revolution
immigration