Japan Flashcards
First Sino-Japanese War
1894-1895
- Japan wanted Korea’s raw materials and space for its growing population
- Causes of Sino-Japanese tensions: Japan’s interference in Korea, Japan’s use of assassinations in Korea, China’s banning of Japanese imported goods
- Japan’s more modern military pushed Chinese troops out of Korea
- Japan took control of Korea and Manchuria, seized Port Arthur and captured islands near Taiwan
Second Sino-Japanese War
1937-1945
Rape of Nanjing
December 1937 - January 1938
Japan left the League of Nations
1933
Russo-Japanese War
1904-1905
Japan’s surrender in WW2
August 15 1945
Anglo-Japanese Alliance
1902
Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbour
7 December 1941
Twenty-One Demands
1915
Treaty of Kanagawa
1854
Washington Naval Conference
1921-1922
London Naval Disarmament Conference
1930
Paris Peace Conference
1919-1920
Four Power Treaty
1921
- signed at the Washington Naval Conference by the US, Great Britain, Japan and France
- agreed to consult with each other in the event of a future crisis in East Asia before taking action
Nine Power Treaty
1922
- signed by the US, Britain, Japan, France, China, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal and Belgium
- affirmed China’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity
- gave all nations the right to do business with China on equal terms
Invasion of Manchuria
18 September 1931
Establishment of the puppet state ‘Manchukuo’
1932
Tangku Truce
1933
- Kwantung Army and Chinese officials agreed that Manchukuo’s boundary would be extended to the Great Wall
- the North and East zones of the Tientsin-Peking area was to be demilitarised (China could not defend and guard the areas with military forces)
Ho-Umerzu Agreement & Ch’ing-Doihara Agreement
mid-1935
- Jiang Jieshi agreed to recognise Manchukuo if Japan agreed to recognise the GMD’s rule in North China
- Japanese government leaders were willing to negotiate, but the Kwantung Army disagreed and forced the North China officials to sign the 2 agreements
- GMD rule was excluded from the northern provinces of Hopei and Chahar
- Kwantung Army succeeded in making North China independent of GMD control and handing reign over to Japan
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
1940
Triple Intervention
1895
- Russia, Germany and France denounced the Treaty of Shimonoseki and demanded alterations
- Russia were given control of Liaodong Peninsula + Port Arthur
- Impact: Japan was deeply humiliated and resented this. Taiwan declared itself as the independent Republic of Formosa and challenged Japanese rule but Japanese forces defeated the rebels
Tripartite Pact
1940
Hakkō ichiu
- Japanese political slogan meaning Japan had the divine right to unify the eight corners of the world
- basis of Japan’s political ideology
- popularised in a speech by Prime Minister Konoe in 1940
Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact
1941
Treaty of Shimonoseki
1895
- China requested for peace after losing the First Sino-Japanese War
- gave Japan the Liaodong Peninsula & Taiwan, the right to have factories and import goods at 4 Chinese ports, and permission to operate ships on the Yangtze River
- China paid Japan a large indemnity
Great Depression
1929-1939
US Immigration Act of 1924
- banned Japanese from immigrating to the US on the grounds of them being “ineligible to be naturalised”
- opened the door to Japanese militarist control
- anti-American sentiment in Japan surged
Commodore Matthew Perry’s diplomatic mission
1853
- ‘gunboat diplomacy’
Invasion of French Indochina
1940
Meiji Restoration
1868
Taisho Democracy
1912-1926 (Taisho period with Emperor Yoshihito)
US oil trade embargo
1941
Kellogg-Briand Pact
1928
- an agreement to outlaw war
Marco Polo Bridge Incident
7 July 1937
Anti-Comintern Pact
November 1936
Japan’s adoption of the Southern Strategy
August 1940
- Japan was divided on who to attack
- The army favoured attacking the North (Russia) while the navy favoured attacking the South (SEA)
- In the end, Japan declared the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and promised unparalleled prosperity and security
Hull Note
November 1941
US State Secretary Hull issued his 4 principles:
- Respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty of other nations
- Non-interference in domestic affairs of other nations
- Open Door Policy: Equal commercial opportunities for all
- No alteration of the status quo in the Pacific except through peaceful means
Japan-Korea Treaty of Amity/Treaty of Ganghwa Island
1876
- ‘gunboat diplomacy’
- opened up trading ports in Korea for Japan
- granted Japanese the same rights in Korea that Westerners enjoyed such as extraterritoriality
