Jan 26 Flashcards
What is health promotion?
Health promotion is defined as “the process
of enabling people to increase control over,
and to improve, their health”
(Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, 1986).
• To reach a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being, an individual or group must be
able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy
needs, and to change or cope with the
environment
Fundamental conditions & resources for health
peace, • shelter, • education, • food, • income, • a stable eco-system, • sustainable resources, • social justice, and equity
How can we do that?
Health Promotion Features
what can we do to promote health
A holistic view of health;
• A focus on participatory approaches;
• A focus on the determinants of health, the social, behavioural,
economic & environmental conditions that are the root causes of
health & illness;
• Building on existing strengths & assets, not just addressing health
problems & deficits;
• Using multiple, complementary strategies to promote health at the
individual & community level.
A Holistic View of Health
“a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being rather than a
mere absence of disease or infirmity.”
• Should we redefine health in health promotion domain?
Quality of Life •
Quality of life includes:
Quality of life is “the degree to which a person enjoys the important
possibilities of his or her life” (Quality of Life Research Unit, 2006).
• Quality of life includes:
– Being: Who one is. One’s physical, psychological, & spiritual being.
– Belonging: Connections with One’s Environment. One’s physical,
social, and community belonging.
– Becoming: Achieving personal goals, hopes, and aspirations. One’s
practical, leisure, and growth achievements.
• This holistic concept of quality of life is an important part of health
promotion’s concept of health.
Resilience?
Resilience is “people’s capacity to draw on their own
resourcefulness to deal effectively with the demands of life, to
return to full functioning after setbacks, and to learn from
such experiences to function better in the future” (Mangham,
Reid & Stewart, 1996).
• Individual resilience is an important skill and ability that
contributes to health, including mental health.
• Community resilience is an important factor that determines
the health of communities. The degree of community
resilience can also be an indicator of community health.
A Holistic View of Health
Redefining Health in health promotion domain
• “In the health promotion domain, health is equivalence to
healthiness & is related to concepts of resilience …….
…….It refers primarily to mental & physical dimensions of
healthiness, has strong social aspects & is determined by
many internal & external factors, including those of a
personal, collective, environmental, political, and global
nature.”
- A focus on participatory approaches;
* Key health promotion values
– Values…
• A focus on the determinants of health, the social, behavioural,
economic & environmental conditions that are the root causes of
health & illness;
• Building on existing strengths & assets, not just addressing health
problems & deficits;
• Using multiple, complementary strategies to promote health at the
individual & community level.
Wherever possible, health promotion practitioners address health issues by doing things with people rather than doing things for them. • Key health promotion values – Empowerment – Social justice and equity – Inclusion – Respect need to gain trust
• Empowerment :
– is a process through which people gain greater
control over the decisions & actions affecting
their health (Nutbeam, 1998).
– Empowered people are able to exercise greater
control & decision making ability over the
factors contributing to their health and enjoy
greater health status.
• Social Justice & Equity
Poverty & income inequality are the greatest causes/determinants of
health status.
• Low-income Canadians are more likely to die younger & suffer more
illness than Canadians with higher income regardless of age, sex, race or
place of residence (Second Report on Health of Canadians, 1999).
• Health promotion practice: concern with social justice to ensure that
everyone has equitable access to food, income, employment, shelter,
education and other factors needed to maintain good health.
what are the greatest causes/determinants of
health status.
poverty and income inequality
Health inequality:
health inequities
health inequality: unequal differences in health between groups.
– Often unavoidable.
• Example: genetic differences, age would be sources of health
inequality.- genetic diferences,
• Health inequities: occur when the source of the difference between
groups is avoidable.
– includes an element of unfairness
poverty disproportionally affect one group of people over another
unequal distribution
example: celebrity, dubai,
Health Equity Matters
The Institute of Population & Public Health
initiated a Strategic Plan 2009-2014, “Health
Equity Matters”
with the vision :
“to be recognized as a world-class institute that
demonstrates excellence, innovation, & leadership
in the generation & application of population &
public health evidence to improve health &
promote equity in Canada and globally”.
Health Inequity - an issue in Saskatoon ?
lower socio economic area life expectancy is way lower
Tackling Health Inequity –
Role of the Health Service
• Champion for Health Improvement
• Policies which reduce health inequity
– Employment policies
• Equal service for equal need
equality, vs equity
equity- the boxes that our bigger for the shorter ppl, equality- everyone gets the same size box
“Equal Service for Equal Need”
Dimensions of Service – Volume – Quality – Uptake Dimensions of Equity – Socioeconomic, – Gender, – RIS (reqestered indigenous status), – Age, – Rural : Urban The Use : Need ratio Use of service / Need for Care = 1
