Jan. 23rd

Question 1

What are the 3 domains?

What are the the five kingdoms in the traditional system of classification?

Answer 1

Domains: Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea

Kingdoms: Bacteria, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

Question 2

How many Phyla (divisions) are in the Plantae Kingdom?

How many basic groupings come from these phyla?

Answer 2

12

in four basic groupings

Question 3

What are embyophytes?

Answer 3

These are plants that will retain the embryo within the female gametangium (archegonium).

Question 4

What kind of things are involved in light harvesting?

(Think pigments)

Answer 4

1. Chlorophyll A
2. Chlorophyll B
3. Carotenoids

Question 5

What are the traits that we use to distinguish different types of plants?

(there are 6)

Answer 5

1. Retention of embryo
2. Presence of stomata
3. Vascular tissue
4. True leaves
5. Presence of seeds
6. Presence of flowers and fruits

Question 6

Explain what alternation of generation means within plants (n vs 2n).

Alternation of generation is seen in what type of plants?

Answer 6

There is an alternation of the haploid generation (gametophyte) and the diploid generation (sporophyte).

Seen in ALL land plants

Question 7

Which generation produces gametes? (Meiosis or Mitosis)

Which generation produces spores? (Meiosis or Mitosis)

Answer 7

Gametophyte (archegonia-F) (antheridia-M)

Mitosis

Sporophyte - Meiosis

Question 8

What is the general trend to the evolution of plants in regards to their gametophyte and sporophyte forms?

Answer 8

General trend is to see a more dominant sporophyte stage.

Question 9

Review from lab:

What are the Bryophytes we talked about?

Answer 9

1. Mosses
2. Liverworts
3. Hornworts

Question 10

Describe the main characteristics of Bryophytes.

Answer 10

1. Non-vascular
2. Haploid dominant
3. Produce spores of one type
4. Seedless

Question 11

The part of the moss that we can see is most likely…

Answer 11

The haploid dominant portion.

Question 12

How many different species of Bryophytes are there?

Answer 12

25k

Question 13

What type of environments do bryophytes typically live in?

Answer 13

Shady, moist areas with stable moisture, humidity and low light.

Question 14

When did bryophytes evolve?

(Hint: time of first amphibians)

Answer 14

450 mya

Question 15

Bryophytes are found early in ecological succession, and they are called a ____________ species.

Answer 15

Pioneer.

Question 16

What are epiphytes?

Answer 16

These are plants that grow on the outside of other plants, oftentimes trees.

Question 17

What were mosses, such as Sphagnum historically used for?

Answer 17

1. Insulation
2. Wound dressings
3. Absorbing things
4. Mined for peat
5. Making soil richer

Question 18

What is the phylum that includes liverworts?

What are they most closely related to?

Answer 18

Hepatophyta

They are most closely related to green algae of all land plants.

Question 19

Where does the word liverwort come from?

How do liverworts reproduce asexually?

Answer 19

Wort = herb

The name “liverwort” comes from the Doctrine of Signatures, where plants resembling body parts were thought to treat related ailments.

They reproduce asexually via gemmae cups.

Question 20

What is the phylum for Hornworts?

What is unique about hornworts within the bryophytes?

Answer 20

Anthocerophyta.

They have a sporophyte shaped like a spindle and a sporophyte that sits on top of the gametophyte and is semi-independent.

Question 21

What is the phylum for mosses?

How do they reproduce asexually

Answer 21

Bryophyta

They reproduce asexually via fragmentation of the gametophyte.

Question 22

Review from lab:

What are the Seedless Vascular Plants we talked about?

Answer 22

1. Ferns
2. Horsetail
3. Whisk ferns
4. Club moss

Question 23

Describe the main characteristic of Seedless Vascular Plants.

Answer 23

1. Vascular
2. Sporophyte dominance
3. Seedless
4. Produce seeds of one type

Question 24

When did Seedless Vascular Plants appear in the fossil record?

Answer 24

430 mya

shortly after Bryophytes.