James Flashcards
Antibiotic
A chemical that can be used as a medicine to kill bacteria or fungi in an affected animal or person
Antimicrobial
A chemical that can be used as a medicine to kill any microorganism
Antibody
Special protein in the body that can destroy a particular pathogen
Antitoxin
An antibody produced by the immune system that will neutralise toxins
Bronchi
Part of the respiratory system. The main tubular branches that lead into the lungs
Contraceptive
Something that can be used to prevent pregnancy. Sum such as condoms can prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.
Cilia
Hair like structures that are part of some cells
Diarrhoea
Often a symptom of food poisoning. Less water is absorbed by the large intestine, so faeces are watery.
Digitalis
A chemical extracted from foxgloves that affects heart rate.
Efficacy
The ability of something (such as a drug) to be effective
Fungicide
A chemical often used as a drug or by gardeners that will kill fungi
Gonorrhoea
A sexually transmitted infection caused by a bacterium
HIV
An infection caused by a virus that affects the immune system. It is transmitted by sexual contact or by the exchange of body fluids such as blood.
Microorganism
A microscopic organism including bacteria, fungi, protists and viruses
Measles
A disease caused by a virus. A serious illness that can cause serious side effects and can be fatal
Malaria
A disease caused by a protist that is transmitted by female mosquitos. Malaria can be fatal.
Mosquito
a small biting insect common in tropical regions. One species of mosquito is the vector for malaria
Pathogen
An organism that can cause an infectious disease
Protists
A microorganism that consists of a single cell. Some protists are pathogens.
Phagocytosis
The process where white blood cells can engulf and digest bacteria
Pharmaceutical
A medicinal drug
Placebo
A substance given to patients during drug trails that they think is a drug but actually has no medicinal effect. This acts as a control.
Salmonella
A type of bacteria that can use food poisoning
Toxins
Chemicals that are poisonous, often secreted by bacteria that cause infectious diseases
trachea
The windpipe
Toxicity
A measure of how toxic a substance is towards an organism.
Vector
An organism that does not cause an infection but passes a pathogen between organisms. E.g. a mosquito
Vaccination
A method of preventing a future infection by exposing the organism to a weekend form of the pathogen to produce antibodies to the pathogen
