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Ocular Disease III > Jakirlic > Flashcards

Jakirlic Flashcards

1
Q

Increased diameter of ONH

A

Stage 3 moderate

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2
Q

Normal temporal disk,

No elevation

A

Stage 1 very early

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3
Q

Complex metamorphopsia

A

Parietal tumor/stroke, parietal seizures and migraine. Persist covering both eyes

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4
Q

Brain tumor can cause

A

Complex hallucinations

Simple and complex illusions

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5
Q

Migraines

A

Simple hallucinations

Complex metamorphopsia

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6
Q

Pareto-occipital tumor/stroke causes

A

Complex Illusion:
Diplopia not changing covering both eyes
Polyopia
Palinopsia

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7
Q

Drug abuse

A

Can cause complex illusion called Palinopsia

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8
Q

Bilateral Occipito-Temporal lobe tumor/stroke

A

Complex Illusion-akinetopsia “motion blindness “

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9
Q

Hallucinations cause : simple

A

Retinal disease (PVD, tear, RD)
Optic nerve disease
Migraine: visual aura

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10
Q

Hallucinations cause : complex

A 
Dementia
Metabolic disease
Illegal drug use
Occipital tumor/stroke
Occipital epilepsy
Charles Bonnet Syndrome
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11
Q

Transient Visual Loss-Monocular

A

Incipient retinal vascular occlusion (CRAO, CRVO)
Retinal vasospasm (ocular migraine)
GCA
Papilledema (IIH) (usually bilateral but can be unilateral due posture change)
Amaurosis fugax (hypoperfusion)
Cardiac valvular disease

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12
Q

Most common cause of monocular vision loss

A

Amaurosis fugax (hypoperfusion) d/t carotid artery stenosis

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13
Q

Most common cause of binocular visual disturbance:

A

migraine

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14
Q

Non-migraine TVL

A

sign of serious vascular disease

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15
Q

Transient Visual Loss-Binocular

A

Migraine
Papilledema (IIH)
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
Postural hypotension

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16
Q

Amaurosis Fugax

A

Sudden onset of severe visual loss in one eye
All or part of monocular visual field
Lasts seconds to minutes
Completely resolves within 10 minutes (can last up to 1 hour)
Fellow eye unaffected
No other neurologic symptoms
No symptoms of GCA
50+ year olds with cardiovascular risk factors

17
Q

Amaurosis Fugax: examination

A

Normal ocular examination in both eyes

May visualize Hollenhorst plaque in retinal arteriole

18
Q

Amaurosis Fugax Workup

A 
Laboratory;
CBC with differential
ESR & CRP
Hypercoagulable state in young patients
Carotid artery investigation
19
Q

Ocular Ischemic Syndrome

A

Entire eyeball suffers from hypoperfusion
Severe ICA stenosis or occlusion
GCA

20
Q

Ocular Ischemic Syndrome Symptoms

A

Transient monocular visual loss or blur improved with laying down
Orbital ache improved on laying down
Dull ocular pain all around the eye that improves laying down.
Transient neurologic symptoms: contralateral weakness or numbness

21
Q

Ocular Ischemic Syndrome signs

A

Decreased BCVA
Decreased IOP
Mild anterior uveitis
Retinal venous engorgement and tortuosity
Mid-peripheral retinal hemorrhages (classic sign)
Iris neovascularization
Cataract (forms quicker)

22
Q

Ocular Ischemic Syndrome workup and treatment

A

Investigations: carotid doppler, ESR, CRP
Treatment
Carotid endarterectomy: symptomatic patients with severe 70-99% stenosis

23
Q

Vasospastic monocular TVL

A

retinal migraine
Typically young adult
Same eye affected every time

24
Q

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency

A

Age 50+
Sudden onset visual loss in both eyes
Vision recovers completely within minutes (can take up to 1 hour)

25
Q

Chiasmal Disease

A 
Vision loss;
Typically painless
Progressive
Bilateral 
asymmetric
Headache 
possible
26
Q

Anything to Anterior to chiasm and LGN

A

optic atrophy and contralateral APD possible

27
Q

Posterior the LGN,

A

no optic atrophy and RAPD.

28
Q

Post-Chiasmal Disease

A

Homonymous: nasal VF of one eye and temporal VF of fellow eye
Congruous: nasal and temporal defects closely resemble each other
Decreased VA not common unless lesion also involves optic nerve or occipital lobes
Usually due to cardiovascular disease (stroke)

29
Q

Optic Tract Lesions

A

Tumors
Ischemic stroke
Aneurysms of superior cerebellar or PCA

30
Q

Lesions of optic radiations

A 
Vascular occlusions (common causes)
Primary & secondary tumors
Trauma 
Incomplete incongruous quandranopsias
Neurologic deficits predominate
31
Q

Neurologic symptoms predominate

Temporal Lobe Lesions

A

Seizures
Hemiparesis (loss of motor control )
Hemisensory loss (loss of sensation)
Aphasia

32
Q

Neurologic symptoms predominate

Parietal Lobe Lesion

A

Hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body.)
Hemisensory loss
Visual neglect
Aphasia

33
Q

Lesions of the visual cortex

A

will Not have any neurologic defect .

34
Q

Calcarine cortex lesions;

A

always due to stroke,
completely Congruous
no neurological deficits
+/- macular sparing

Ocular Disease III (5 decks)

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