Jaderní Flashcards
What is the primary characteristic of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and other organelles.
What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
Contains genetic information and regulates metabolic functions
The nucleus is involved in communication between the nucleus and other cell parts.
What is the structure of the nuclear membrane?
Double membrane with inner and outer layers
The space between the membranes is called the perinuclear space.
What is the role of chromatin in the nucleus?
Contains chromosomes and preserves genetic information
Chromosomes are only visible during cell division.
What are mitochondria known for?
Energy production through cellular respiration
They have their own DNA and are semi-autonomous organelles.
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER and Smooth ER
Rough ER has ribosomes for protein synthesis, while Smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Processes and packages products from the endoplasmic reticulum
It is involved in exocytosis and the formation of new organelles.
Which organelles are involved in digestion within a cell?
Lysosomes
In plant cells, similar functions are performed by vacuoles.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy.
Fill in the blank: The _____ serves as the outer covering of the cell.
plasma membrane
What is the composition of the plasma membrane?
Made of phospholipid molecules forming a double layer
It is semipermeable, allowing selective transport of substances.
What are cytoskeletal elements responsible for?
Cell shape, movement, and structural support
They include microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.
True or False: The cytoplasm is where organelles are suspended and chemical reactions occur.
True
What type of vacuole is found in plant cells?
Central vacuole
It stores nutrients and waste products and helps maintain turgor pressure.
What is the difference in the structure of young and old plant cells regarding vacuoles?
Young cells have multiple small vacuoles, while old cells have one large central vacuole
The central vacuole pushes the nucleus to the edge of the cell.
