Jack's Jaundice Flashcards
Where is the superior pancreaticcoduodenal artery derived from?
The gastroduodenal which is in turn derived from the coeliac trunk
What is a portal triad?
Bile duct, portal vein and hepatic artery found on the edge of each hexagonal liver lobule
What colour do serous glands stain?
Darkly
Where do large hepatic veins drain to?
The portion of the vena cava that indents onto the liver
What are bile salts synthesised from?
Cholesterol
Where is the inferior pancreaticcoduodenal artery derived from?
The superior mesenteric artery
What spaces bound the liver above and below?
Sub-phrenic above and hepato-renal below
Which BAC will impair gag reflex causing choking on own vomit?
0.2
How is hepatitis B transmitted?
Bodily fluid eg sexual intercourse, sharing needles, tattoos, blood contact
Which immunoglobulin is indicative of a past infection?
IgG
How are fatty acids absorbed in the small intestine?
Bile salts form a micelle around them, in the sER fat droplets are then formed, then packaged into apoproteins in the Golgi, chylomicrons and VLDLs bud off and exit cell via exocytosis from basal membrane passing to capillaries
Where does the cystic artery arise from?
The right branch of the hepatic artery
What do the left and right leaflets of the coronary ligament form anteriorly and posteriorly?
Anteriorly the left and right leaflets of the coronary ligaments form the falciform ligament and posteriorly they form the lesser omentum
What is the half life of albumin?
14 days
Which hormone controls bile flow?
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
What is gynecomastia?
Hormone build up as liver cannot break them down causing female like characteristics in males ie breasts
What kind of autonomic innervation does the pancreas have?
Sympathetic
How is ethanol broken down into CO2 and H2O?
1) broken down into acetaldehyde by cytochrome P450 and alcohol dehydrogenase and catalase
2) converted to acetate by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
3) acetate broken down to CO2 and H2O
Which lobe of the liver has a tail?
The caudate lobe
How and where does saliva become hypotonic?
The Na+ pumps in the striated duct reabsorb Na+ and Cl- and replace them with K+ and HCO3- so saliva is hypotonic
What is the normal range for bilirubin?
3-17 micro mols
Where does the liver get 75% of it’s blood supply from?
Deoxygenated blood from the entire GI tract via the portal vein comes to be detoxified.
How does the gall bladder concentrate bile?
Using Na+K+ATPase pumps to reabsorb water in the same way as in the kidney
What are the symptoms of viral hepatitis?
Malaise, fever, headache, jaundice, dark urine, clay coloured faeces,
What is the porta hepatis?
Point of entry and exit for the hepatic portal vein, left and right hepatic arteries and left and right hepatic bile ducts.
Where are dorsal pancreatic artery and arteria pancreatica magna derived from?
Splenic artery
Which virus causes hepatitis?
Adenovirus hepatitis
Which BAC may cause coma and even be fatal due to respiratory arrest?
0.4
Where does the tail of the pancreas lie?
To the hilum of the spleen
Describe how the common bile duct is formed.
From union of cystic duct and common hepatic duct (from union of right and left hepatic ducts)
Where does the body of the pancreas lie?
Crossing the aorta
Where does the upper surface of the liver lie?
Beneath the diaphragm approximately to the level of the level of the xiphisternal joint
How does methanol poisoning cause CNS toxicity?
Formation of formic acid which disturbs neuronal mitochondrial function and causes acidosis
Define parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands with regards to serous or mucosal secretions.
Parotid: serous
Sublingual: mucus
Submandibular: mixed
Why may liver failure lead to malnutrition?
Glucose intolerance, alterations in amino acid metabolism, decreased bile acids so can’t absorb fat, no appetite due to ascites, hyper metabolism from hormone imbalance, increased resting energy expenditure, increased pro inflammatory cytokines
What is apocrine secretion?
Membrane bound and vesicle release
Which BAC will causes motor impairment and lack of physical control?
0.13-015
Where do chylomicrons carry fat to and from?
From gut to liver
What are the junctions of anterior and posterior leaflets of the coronary ligaments called?
Left and right triangular ligaments
What kind of secretions do serous glands secrete?
Watery secretions
Where do HDLs carry fat to and from?
From tissues to liver
Which five ligaments connect the liver to the diaphragm?
Membranous falciform, coronary, right and left triangular ligaments and the fibrous round ligament
What are the symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome?
Dysmorphic facial features, growth deficiency, CNS impairment affecting learning and behaviour, decreased brain size