Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

J8 Physical Science > J8 Physical Science Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

J8 Physical Science Exam Study Guide Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chapter 1

A

Chapter 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What flight crashed in the Atlantic Ocean and is still undiscovered?

A

Air France Flight 447.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the definition of dominion?

A

Dominion means taking full responsibility for the care and management of every aspect of our world, and using it under God’s authority.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the definition of Creation Mandate?

A

Creation Mandate is God’s command given to man­ kind in Genesis 1:28 to exercise dominion over the world by wisely using the resources He has placed here.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the definition of data?

A

Data is any kind of information or observation used in an investigation. Most scientific data is either measured or described.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the definition of pitot tube

A

Pitot tube is a tube bent at a right-angle mounted on an aircraft. It measures the pressure of the air flowing past it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the definition of presupposition?

A

Presuppositions are assumptions about right, wrong, and the nature of truth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the definition of bias?

A

Bias is an inclination one has about an idea after thinking about its pros and cons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the definition of prejudice?

A

prejudice is like a bias, but a person holds to it without thinking about it, and it is often unreasonable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the definition of phenomenon?

A

Phenomenon is anything observable or measureable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the definition of model?

A

Model is a workable explanation or description.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definition of worldview?

A

Worldview is a person’s particular philosophy of life or conception of the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the definition of science?

A

science is the collection of
observations,inferences,and models produced through a systematic study of na­ture for the purpose of enabling humans to exercise good and wise dominion over God’s world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What diagram can be made for the atom of iron?

A

Bohr Model.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the definition of theory?

A

An accepted model that explains something.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the definition of law?

A

Law is a model that describes a phenomenon but doesn’t or can’t explain it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the definition of operational science?

A

Operational science examines phenomena that exist or occur in the present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the definition of historical science?

A

Historical science studies phenomena that happened in the unobserved past and that are not happening today (to our knowledge).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the definition of forensic science?

A

Forensic science is a kind of scientific investigation that at­tempts to reconstruct the scenario of a crime commit­ted in the past.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chapter 2

A

Chapter 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the definition of matter?

A

Matter is anything that occupies a volume of space and has mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What three states does matter come in?

A

Solid, liquid, and gas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What microscope allows us to detect atoms?

A

Scanning tunneling electron microscope (STM) allows scientists to de- tect atoms on the surface of specially prepared materials.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the most common particle that scientists refer to?

A

The atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What two Greek philosophers did not believe in the philosophy of atomism?

A

Plato and Aristotle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the links of atoms when they attach to each other?

A

Chemical bond.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the dispersion of a substance through another by particle motion?

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the motion Robert Brown discovered

A

Brownian motion is the jiggling motion of the cell parts was due to the impacts of fluid particles striking them randomly from different directions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the best model to describe matter?

A

The kinetic-molecular theory of matter is tiny particles in random, constant motion that make up all matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What forms the volume of an atom?

A

The nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are particles with unbalanced electrical charges?

A

Ions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is a material that is only composed of one substance?

A

A pure substance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a pure substance and is only made of one kind of atom?

A

An element.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What pure substance contains more than one type of atom chemically bonded together?

A

A compound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is mixing two or more substances together called?

A

A mixture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are uniform and evenly mixed particles called?

A

Homogeneous mixtures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are non-uniform mixtures called?

A

Heterogeneous mixtures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is another name for the three physical forms of matter?

A

States.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the characteristics of a solid?

A
  1. Definite volume
  2. Definite shape
  3. Dense
  4. Low compressibility
  5. Particles are close together and vibrate in fixed positions.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What the characteristics of a liquid?

A
  1. Definite volume
  2. Shape determined by container
  3. Low compressibility
  4. A fluid
  5. Particles are completely mobile but still strong attractions to their neighbors. They vibrate and freely spin.
    close together.
  6. A liquid forms a free surface if it doesn’t completely fill its container.
  7. Liquids have viscosity.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Any substance that flows is called what?

A

A fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the characteristics of gas?

A
  1. Volume and shape determined by container
  2. Highly compressible
  3. A fluid
  4. Particles are far apart and move at high speeds.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Any change of the arrangement of the matter in a material or object is called what?

A

Physical change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What occurs when atoms of different substances break apart and combine in different ways?

A

Chemical changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What occurs when an atom’s nucleus emits or absorbs a nuclear particle or ray. Splitting the nucleus into smaller nuclei is also a what?

A

Nuclear change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

If the solid absorbs enough thermal energy, its particles vibrate so rapidly that the attractions between particles can’t hold them in fixed locations any longer. They break free and begin moving around in the liquid state. What is this called?

A

Melting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are bullet proof vests made of?

A

Kevlar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

When a liquid cools, its particles slow down. Eventually the motion is slow enough that the attraction between the particles can hold them in fixed locations. As particles clump together, they enter the solid state. When all the particles in the liquid are trapped and can no longer move about, the change to a solid is complete. What is this called?

A

Freezing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Any process resulting in a solid or liquid substance changing directly to a gas is called what?

A

Vaporization.

50
Q

What causes the gas pressure exerted by just the vapor molecules, ignoring the pressure caused by the rest of the air molecules.

A

Vapor pressure.

51
Q

What is the fastest form of vaporization?

A

Boiling.

52
Q

How does boiling occur?

A

Boiling occurs at the boiling point temperature, and throughout the liquid.

53
Q

The kind of vaporization that happens when a liquid’s temperature is anywhere between its melting and boiling points is called what?

A

Evaporation.

54
Q

How does sublimation occur?

A

Sublimation occurs
• between the solid and vapor phases;
• at temperatures below the melting point of the solid; and
• at the solid’s surface.

55
Q

How does evaporation occur?

A

Evaporation occurs
• at any temperature between the melting and boiling points, and
• only at the liquid’s surface.

56
Q

How does condensation occur?

A

Condensation occurs when a vapor cools and changes to the liquid state.

56
Q

How does deposition occur?

A

Deposition occurs when the rate of vapor molecules return- ing to the solid exceeds the number of molecules sublimating away.

57
Q

Chapter 3

A

Chapter 3

58
Q

any measurable aspect of something is called what?

A

A dimension.

59
Q

What system of measurement in which all units of a given dimension are related to each other by powers of 10?

A

Metric system.

60
Q

What is the name and the size of a portion of a dimension that has a value of 1?

A

Unit.

61
Q

Metric system is commonly used now based on what?

A

SI units.

62
Q

SI based units have their own what?

A

Symbols.

63
Q

What is the world’s oldest known unit of measure.

A

The cubit.

64
Q

What evaluates how close a measurement is to the acceptable value of the measurement?

A

Accuracy.

65
Q

What evaluates how exactly a measurement is made?

A

Precision.

66
Q

What is an assessment of the random errors associated with a series of measurements?

A

Repeatability.

67
Q

What can indicate the amount of matter in an object, but it does not measure the amount of matter directly?

A

Weight.

68
Q

What is the measure of the amount of matter in an object?

A

Mass.

69
Q

The space enclosed or occupied by an object is its what?

A

Volume.

70
Q

What are like long, thin eyedroppers; they can measure and deliver tiny volumes of liquid drop by drop if needed?

A

Pipettes.

71
Q

Chapter 4

A

Chapter 4

72
Q

Who described motion and provided observational evidence for a mechanical, sun-centered model of the universe?

A

Galileo Galilei.

73
Q

What is the modern study of motion?

A

Mechanics.

74
Q

What is the description of how things move?

A

Kinematics.

75
Q

What is the description of what causes things to move?

A

Dynamics.

76
Q

What is the description of how stationary things react to pushes and pulls?

A

Statics.

77
Q

What is a good example for all three: kinematics, dynamics, and statics?

A

A roller coaster.

78
Q

What is separated from its surround­ing by an actual or imaginary boundary?

A

A system.

79
Q

What is the geometric space containing the point of reference?

A

The reference frame.

80
Q

Systems move in straight lines or simple curved paths caused by forces acting on the systems from within the frame of reference is called what?

A

Inertial or fixed reference frame.

81
Q

When the observational point of view is not moving at a constant speed or direction, it is accelerating. What is this called?

A

Accelerated reference frame.

82
Q

What is a scientific word for an unbroken expanse or series.

A

Continuum.

83
Q

What is an imaginary line marked off in distance units?

A

Coordinate axis.

84
Q

A length of a time span is a what?

A

Time interval.

85
Q

What quantity describes the net distance and direction of motion?

A

Displacement.

86
Q

What is the rate of change of the speed or velocity during a given time interval?

A

Acceleration.

87
Q

What of a system is simply the rate of motion?

A

The speed

88
Q

What is the rate of completing a displacement?

A

Velocity.

89
Q

Chapter 6

A

Chapter 6

90
Q

What is the definition of energy?

A

Energy is the ability to do work.

91
Q

Potential energy is sometimes called what?

A

Energy of condition or energy of position.

92
Q

What can depend on its position and a force that has the potential to move the system from its current position?

A

Potential energy.

93
Q

What de­pends only on the system’s mass and speed?

A

Kinetic energy.

94
Q

Kinetic energy is also known as what?

A

Energy of motion.

95
Q

What are the nine types of energy?

A

Mechanical, thermal, acous­tic, electrical, magnetic, radiant, chemical, nuclear, and mass energy.

96
Q

What consists of mechanical potential energy and kinetic energy?

A

Mechanical energy.

97
Q

The energy resulting from the motion of matter or its position relative to an exter­ nal force acting on it is called what?

A

Mechanical energy.

98
Q

The average sum of the kinetic energies of all the particles in an ob­ ject is its what?

A

Thermal energy.

98
Q

The movement of thermal energy into or out of a system and the process of gaining it is called what?

A

Heat and heating.

100
Q

The process of losing thermal energy is called what?

A

Cooling.

101
Q

Forces acting on other electrical charges that can do work is called what?

A

Electrical energy.

102
Q

What is the transmission of energy through matter by particle oscillations that occur in specific directions?

A

Acoustic energy.

103
Q

What is a repetitive, back-and-forth motion, as in a swing?

A

Oscillation.

104
Q

What is the ability to do work through the influence of a magnetic field

A

Magnetic energy.

105
Q

Magnetic and electrical energy together is what?

A

Electromagnetic energy.

106
Q

Electromagnetic energy in various forms, can be radiated by matter and transmitted through a vacuum and this is can also be called what?

A

Radiant energy.

107
Q

Potential energy stored in chemical bonds is called what?

A

Chemical energy.

108
Q

What is associated with the nucleus of the atom and when split can send an enormous amount of energy?

A

Nuclear energy.

109
Q

The largest potential source of energy in the universe is what, and is the energy equivalent to all matter itself?

A

Mass energy.

110
Q

What term is used to conserve energy and not wasting it?

A

Conservation of energy.

111
Q

What law states that matter can’t be created nor destroyed?

A

The Law of Thermodynamics.

112
Q

A property of a moving system that is proportional to its speed and mass is called what?

A

Momentum.

113
Q

What is the change of position during a time interval called?

A

Motion.

114
Q

In a system of colliding objects, the sum of their momentums before the collision is equal to the sum of their momentums afterward if no external forces act on the objects is called what?

A

Conservation of momentum.

115
Q

What occurs when two objects collide and rebound so that the sum of their momentums and the sum of their kinetic energies are the same before and after the collision?

A

Elastic collision.

116
Q

There are three kinds of collisions recognized physicists. What are they?

A

Elastic, partially elastic, and inelastic.

117
Q

What occurs when two objects collide and rebound so that the sum of their momentums and the sum of their kinetic energies are the same before and after the collision?

A

Elastic collisions.

118
Q

What oc­curs when after the collision the rebounding objects are temporarily or permanently deformed in some way?

A

Partially elastic collisions.

119
Q

What occurs when the colliding objects stick together after the collision?

A

Inelastic collisions.

J8 Physical Science (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions