J1100 Midterm Flashcards
4 core ideals of US journalism
- Publication enshrined in the first amendment
- Free press is best achieved through a free market
- Free competition leads truth to triumph over falsehood
- The principle enemy of freedom is the state
Egalitarian model
Emphasizes rights and privileges – related to citizen journalism
Expert model
Emphasize proficiency
High stakes
Journalists construct social reality for their audience
Gatekeeping model
Information-gatekeepers-news-audiences
4 assumptions of the old gatekeeping model
- Journalists know what their audience wants
- The audience is a mass audience
- Journalists are the only gatekeepers
- Competition among various types of information to become news is weak
4 alternatives to gatekeeping model
- Curation or aggregation
- Networked gatekeeping
- Secondary gatekeeping
- Going viral
Aggregation
Journalists present their audiences with a menu of the most important news that has gotten through the gates
Networked gatekeeping
Journalists send news through the gates to a networked audience which then processes that news
Secondary gatekeeping
Journalists decide what user generated content is most important to show their audience
Going viral
The crowd acts as gatekeepers
4 models of journalism
Journalism of verification
Journalism of assertion
Journalism of affirmation
Journalism of aggregation
Rational man theory
- reason is the source of truth
- the shift away from authoritarianism to democracy
- humans need acres to information to practice reason
Ethical egoism
- moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest
- popular but not accepted
5 factors that shape how journalism looks
Economic Political Legal Cultural Technological
7 elements of democracy
Free elections Full enfranchisement Each vote is equal Majority rule Independent judiciary Equality before the law Guaranteed civil liberties
7 elements of newsworthiness
Timeliness Impact Currency Conflict Novelty/emotions Prominence Proximity
4 essential questions
What’s your story about
Who’s effected and how
Who has the info and can put it in context
What’s the best way to tell the story
Collective memory
The social and cultural definition of events and phenomena in the past and how that helps create identity
The market model
Strong libertarian ideals
Mistrust of govt
Concentrations of economic power
Sensationalism
The use of exciting stories or language or stories at the expense of accuracy
The new big 5
Google Facebook Amazon Apple Microsoft
3 alternative delivery methods
- convergence journalism
- Mobile delivery
- Podcasts
The Hutchinson commission
Investigation of us freedom
Social responsibility theory of the press
Represent important viewpoints and promote alternative thoughts
Utility
Greatest good for the greatest number
The wall
Mythical barrier between journalisms advertising and news departments
4 things democracy needs from journalism
Information dissemination
Accountability
Representation
Deliberation and conflict resolution
Accountability
Comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable
Interlocking public
The idea that everyone is interested and even and expert in something
Virtue
Temperance middle ground between two extremes
Representation
Counter balance institutional power
Ensure many voices are heard
Collaboration
Journalists of the future to embrace the potent Jon of the network and to organize its input
Networked gatekeeping
Journalists send news through the gates to a networked audience with then processes that news
Purpose of official ethical codes and principles
They keep journalists honest and wanting to do the right thing for people
Makes journalism have purpose when faves with a moral decision of right and wrong
6 categories of ethics
Virtue Duty Utility Rights Love/caring Ethical egoism
The inverted pyramid
A style or structure within news writing that places all of the most important information in the first paragraph
Most widely used style
Duty
Obligation to act morally
Ethical decision marking
Being able to recognize which duties or obligations are most at stake in any given situation
5 distinct functions the public requires
Informs analyzes interprets explains Investigates Creates public conversation Generates social empathy Encourages a culture of accountability
Audience analytics
Mesures how many people are in an audience Page views Concurrent viewers Unique visitors The time spent on the page and site Number of pages visited per session Bounce rate--- single page views Number of items shared commented on
The big 6
Comcast News corp Disney CBS Viacom Time warner
Deweys views
Optimistic democracy is about much more than information
Conversation is the root of democracy
Democracy is a process not an outcome
4 societal roles of a journalist
Authenticator- verify info sort through facts
Sense maker- put events in context turning info into knowledge
Bear witness- be the sole observer of an event
Watchdog- a classic role of investigative reporting
State shield laws
How you define a journalist
Law that protects journalist in court
How do news organizations stand out in a crowded media environment
Establishing brand with differentiation
Maintaining a brand requires understanding
Cooperative identities
Maintaining a brand requires knowledge
Core idea of democracy as it relates to journalism
Sovereignty of the people
Perfect duties
Fidelity- keep your promise Do not harm Reparation- make up for harm Respect Formal justice- give people what they've earned
Conglomeration ownership
Media group that owns numerous media companies
