J+H Flashcards
Who is the author of J+H and what era was it written in?
Robert Louis Stevenson wrote the book in the Victorian Era
Who is Mr Utterson, Mr Enfield, Dr Lanyon, Dr Jekyll, Mr Hyde, Mr Poole, Mr Guest and Sir Danvers Carew?
Mr Utterson: a well known and upstanding lawyer. J’s friend.
Mr Enfield: a cousin and a friend of Utterson.
Dr Lanyon: a reputable doctor from London. J’s friend.
Dr Jekyll: a doctor who engages in irrational forms of science.
Mr Hyde: Jekyll’s dark and evil side of being. Hyde is a being that is all evil taken out of Jekyll.
Poole: Jekyll’s butler for 20 years.
Mr Guest: Utterson’s clerk and an expert in handwriting.
SDC: a client of Utterson who was killed by Hyde.
STORY OF THE DOOR
Utterson was “never lighted by a smile; cold scanty and embarrassed” but somehow “loveable”.
-Narrator
Juxtaposition- shows the readers how a Victorian man is emotionless and should act.
STORY OF THE DOOR
Utterson “ enjoyed the theatre, [but] had not crossed the doors of one for twenty years”.
-Narrator
This shows us that in the Victorian Era doing something that you love or something that you’re passionate about is bad and unacceptable in society’s expectations of someone.
STORY OF THE DOOR
Utterson inclines “to Cain’s heresy” and “let his brother go to the devil in his own way.”
-Narrator
Utterson will betray his blood.
He is not abiding by society’s expectations and is not acting like a gentleman.
He is not acting religious so he is not pure.
STORY OF THE DOOR
“It was a nut to crack for many, what these two could see in each other or what subject they could find in common.”
-Narrator
Utterson and Enfield were nothing alike and were so different but they still found stuff in common.
Hinting at homosexuality as they were the same sex and were together all the time.
STORY OF THE DOOR
A house is described as having a “blind forehead.” What literary technique is this?
-Narrator
Personification- describing a house with human features.
STORY OF THE DOOR
“The door, which was equipped with neither bell nor knocker, was blistered and distained.”
-Narrator
The first chapter created a mystery about a door which is eventually revealed to be the back door of Jekyll’s house.
This is somewhere that doesn’t welcome visitors and is neglected.
STORY OF THE DOOR
Enfield was “coming home from some place at the end of the world about three o’clock of a black winter morning.” and was walking until he got into the state of mind “when a a man listens and listens and begins to long for the sight of a policeman,”
-Enfield
3 AM- looking at a door as if it relates to a past event or case to Enfield.
3 AM- seems suspicious as a well known and intelligent man is walking around the streets of London alone- seems unsafe or he is doing something he isn’t supposed to do.
STORY OF THE DOOR
“The man trampled calmly over the child’s body and left her screaming on the ground.”
-Enfield
The man = HYDE
Trampled calmly- oxymoron
The man doesn’t care what he is doing
STORY OF THE DOOR
“It was hellish to see.”
-Enfield
Enfield uses religious images to describe how horrific Hyde’s actions were
STORY OF THE DOOR
“I had taken a loathing to my gentleman at first sight.”
-Enfield
Enfield hated Hyde after looking at him one time- shows how immoral and disgusting Hyde is.
Enfield is the first to have a natural reaction of repulsion towards Hyde.
STORY OF THE DOOR
I knew what was in his mind, just as he knew what was in mine; and killing being out of the question, we did the next best.”
-Enfield
“If he had any friends or any credit, we undertook that he should lose them.”
-Enfield
Enfield and the doctor wanted to kill Hyde but can’t so they try to repress their feelings and instead attempt to ruin his reputation.
STORY OF THE DOOR
“There was the man in the middle, with a kind of black, sneering coolness.”
-Enfield
POC were seen as dark and barbaric.
STROY OF THE DOOR
“Like Satan.”
-Enfield
Enfield uses a simile to highlight the religious aversions to Hyde.
STORY OF THE DOOR
“Blackmail I suppose; an honest man paying through the nose of some of the capers of his youth,”
-Enfield
Enfield is the first to suggest the connection between Jekyll and Hyde may be due to blackmail.
Blackmail highlights the fear of scandal the Victorian gentlemen would have felt.
STORY OF THE DOOR
“I think you might have warned me.”
-Utterson
Utterson knows who lives in the house so he knows who signed the cheque.
Hyde is blackmailing the person for the money and the cheque.
STORY OF THE DOOR
“I am ashamed of my long tongue. Let us make a bargain never to refer to this again.”
-Enfield
They pledged to never talk about it again because they are gentlemen.
Enfield likes to gossip but not if it will ruin someone’s reputation,
SEARCH FOR MR HYDE
M.D, D.C.L, L.L.D, F.R.S
-Qualifications of Jekyll
M.D: Medical Doctor
D.C.L: Dr of Civil Law
L.L.D: Dr of Law
F.R.S: Fellowship of Royal Society
SEARCH FOR MR HYDE
“It offended him both as a lawyer and as a lover of the same and customary sides of life.”
-Describing Utterson
Utterson is offended by the terms in Jekyll’s will; this highlights Utterson’s character as conventional.
SEARCH OF MR HYDE
“Dr Lanyon sat alone over his wine.”
-Narrator
Dr Lanyon drinks- in contrast to Utterson because Utterson forces himself to drink gin instead of wine.
SEARCH FOR MR HYDE
“This was a hearty, healthy, dapper, red-faced gentleman, with a shock of hair prematurely white, and a boisterous and decided manner.”
-Describing Lanyon
Description of how all gentlemen in the Victorian Era should look like.
Contrasts to the description of Utterson because Utterson was “cold” and “scanty”.
“Decided manner” implies Lanyon doesn’t have any trouble making a choice so he isn’t dual.
SEARCH FOR MR HYDE
“Such unscientific balderdash.”
-Lanyon about Jekyll
Lanyon expresses disgust at Jekyll’s theories. Lanyon presents a conventional approach to science.
SEARCH FOR MR HYDE
“Damon and Pythias”
-Lanyon
STORY OF A TEST OF LOYALTY
Pythias was accused of attempting to kill the king and he was held in prison. Pythias wanted to go back home to say goodbye to everyone but the king thought that he would just escape. Damon offered to be held as a hostage while Pythias went. The king said, if Pythias didn’t return after a certain amount of time, Damon would be executed. Just as Damon was about to be executed, Pythias returned. He said he was late because pirates stole his ship and threw him overboard so he had to swim back to the island. The king was so impressed by their loyalty that he decided to let Pythias go.
SEARCH FOR MR HYDE
“Six o’clock struck the bells of the church that was so conveniently near to Mr Utterson’s dwelling.”
-Narrator about Utterson
Utterson is religious.
In the Victorian Era, gentlemen were supposed to be religious to be seen as a “proper man”.
SEACH FOR MR HYDE
“He was small and very plainly dressed.”
-Narrator about Hyde
Hyde was smaller than the average Victorian man which means Hyde is not presented as a Victorian man.
SEACH FOR MR HYDE
“A hissing intake of the breath.”
-Hyde
This is the first time Utterson meets Hyde. Stevenson uses animal imagery to make Hyde appear Dangerous and savage.
SEACH FOR MR HYDE
“That is not fitting language.”
“Extraordinary quickness.”
-Utterson/ narrator
The narrator describes Hyde as an animal. This leads to people thinking about Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
SEACH FOR MR HYDE
“Snarled aloud into a savage laugh.”
-Narrator about Hyde
The snarl is animalistic but the “SAVAGE LAUGH” is the most shocking; a Victorian man would not be expected to be laughed at.
Hyde is laughing at Utterson when he tries to tell him off for lying about how he has heard of him.
SEACH FOR MR HYDE
“Mr Hyde was pale and dwarfish, he gave an impression of deformity without any nameable malformation.”
-Narrator
There are many references to how Hyde is somehow deformed.
SEACH FOR MR HYDE
“if I ever read Satan’s signature upon a face, it is that of your new friend.”
-Utterson to Jekyll about Hyde
Utterson uses religious imagery to describe Hyde.
SEACH FOR MR HYDE
“In the law of God, there is no statute of limitations.”
-Utterson to Poole about Jekyll
You can many times in the eyes of God.
DR JEKYLL WAS QUITE AT EASE
“Mr Utterson so contrived that he remained behind after the others had departed.”
-Narrator about Utterson at Jekyll’s party
Hiding behind a shadow- He is hiding something.
DR JEKYLL WAS QUITE AT EASE
“A large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty.”
-narrator about Jekyll
Jekyll is described as the opposite of Hyde.
DR JEKYLL WAS QUITE AT EASE
“Every mark of capacity and kindness.”
-Narrator about Jekyll
Jekyll is established as a moral man.
DR JEKYLL WAS QUITE AT EASE
“The large handsome face of Dr Jekyll grew pale to the very lips, and there came a blackness about his eyes.”
-Narrator about Jekyll
Implies that Jekyll is hiding something.
It contrasts to the title as he not at ease.
DR JEKYLL WAS QUITE AT EASE
“I would trust you before any man alive, ay, before myself.”
-Jekyll to Utterson
Jekyll doesn’t trust himself.
Makes the audience think he can do something dangerous even though he is a respectable gentleman.
DR JEKYLL WAS QUITE AT EASE
“The moment I choose, I can be rid of Mr Hyde.”
-Jekyll to Utterson
Brings worry because it indicates Jekyll may kill Hyde which foreshadows the future.
At the beginning of the novella, Jekyll displays arrogance. He believes he can transgress (CROSS THE LINE OF) scientific and moral laws and remain in control. This is the lesson he learns.
THE CAREW MURDER CASE
“A maid servant living alone in a house not far from the river.”
-Narrator about a maid who witnesses the murder of SDC.
She is a poor woman who lives in poverty.
First woman introduced in the book so shows us and indicates to us how the Victorian society and gentlemen thought of women.
THE CAREW MURDER CASE "Although a fog rolled over the city." -Narrator "The night was cloudless." -Narrator The maid's window "was brilliantly lit by the full moon." -Narrator
Pathetic fallacy using weather to describe mood.
This creates a sense of tension and suspense to further scare the readers and highlight the gothic fiction.
THE CAREW MURDER CASE
“Was lit brilliantly by the full moon.
-Narrator describing the night of the murder
“FULL MOON” = supernatural.
Indicates the belief of wolves and werewolves etc.
THE CAREW MURDER CASE
“He had in his hand a heavy cane.”
-Narrator describing Hyde killing SDC
Prestige becomes a weapon.
Hyde was presenting himself as a gentleman but then committing crimes and actions that a real gentleman would never really do.
THE CAREW MURDER CASE
“A great flame of anger.”
-Narrator about Hyde
The description of the murder of Carew is shocking for the violence of the imagery.
THE CAREW MURDER CASE
“Stamping with his foot, brandishing the cane, and carrying on (as the maid described it) like a madman.”
-Narrator
Theory of evolution.
Hyde isn’t acting like a gentleman.
THE CAREW MURDER CASE
“Ape-like fury.”
-Narrator
This description uses “APE-LIKE” to highlight the Victorian anxiety that Charles Darwin’s theory of Evolution was correct (THAT WE ALL EVOLVED FROM LESSER CREATURES). The Victorians didn’t like this idea as it undermined the idea that we were all created perfectly from God.
THE CAREW MURDER CASE
“The bones were audibly shattered.”
-Narrator
The bones breaking were appealing in sound.
“AUDIBLY SHATTERED” = brute force
Hyde killed because he wanted to,
THE CAREW MURDER CASE
“The maid fainted.”
-Narrator
All her innocence was gone.
She is presented as a damsel in distress.
THE CAREW MURDER CASE
“Sir Danvers Carew”
-Utterson
“SIR” = good reputation.
THE CAREW MURDER CASE
“The wind was continually charging and routing these embattled vapours.
-Narrator
From fast (the murder) to slow.
THE CAREW MURDER CASE
“A district of some city in a nightmare.”
-Narrator
The description of London and the description of Soho, where Hyde had his private apartment, help to create a sinister atmosphere.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“Incident of the letter.”
-Title of the chapter
“INCIDENT”=accident?
Implies something negative is going to or may happen.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“At once was admitted by Poole.”
-Narrator
Creates an atmosphere of suspense and tension because it implies it is a matter of urgency.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“Carried down by the kitchen offices and across a yard which had once been a garden.”
-Narrator
Long, drawn-out journey.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“The laboratory or the dissecting rooms.”
-Narrator
Experiments take place here.
Irrational science.
Crossing a threshold.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“It was the first time that the lawyer had been received in the part of his friend’s quarters.”
-Narrator
First time Utterson was allowed in the lab.
Mystery appearance vs reality.
Because it’s first time in the lab, you could think Jekyll was trying to hide something.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“Dingy windowless structure.”
-Narrator
The description of the lab suggests it is a place that has something to hide, because it is “WINDOWLESS”.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“Once crowded with eager students and now lying gaunt and silent.”
-Narrator describing the theatre
Once full of life but now full of death.
Implies what sort of impact Hyde has had on Jekyll.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“He did not rise to meet his visitor.”
-Narrator about Jekyll
VISITOR = Utterson
AO3- Not Victorian gentlemanly.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“The doctor shuddered.”
-Narrator about doctor looking at Jekyll
Something is really wrong.
A doctor in the Victorian Era would have seen everything and many bad things. This shows the severity of Jekyll’s health.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“One word.”
-Utterson
Utterson is expecting a one word answer.
NO.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“He is safe, he is quite safe.”
-Jekyll to Utterson.
Repetition makes it seem less convincing.
Makes the audience think Hyde will come back soon.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“I have so great a trust in you.”
-Jekyll to Utterson
CHAPTER 3- QUOTE ON TRUST
Makes him seem trustworthy.
DR JEKYLL WAS QUITE AT EASE
“I would trust you before any man alive, ay, before myself.”
-Jekyll to Utterson
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“I cannot say that I care of what becomes of Hyde; I am quite done with him. I was thinking of my own character which this hateful business has rather exposed.”
-Jekyll about Hyde
He doesn’t care what happens with Hyde, but if people find out the truth, his reputation is ruined.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“The lawyer liked this letter well enough.”
-Narrator about Utterson
The lawyer is not fully convinced
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“the doctor seemed seized with a qualm of faintness; he shut his mouth tight and nodded.”
-Narrator about Jekyll
"SEEMED SEIZED" = sibilance "SEIZED" = doesn't have control "FAINTNESS" = Hyde "MOUTH TIGHT AND NODDED" = Give the blame to Hyde Still being controlled by him.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“O God , Utterson, what a lesson I have learnt.”
-Jekyll to Utterson
“O GOD” = AO3 - Victorians were very religious.
Jekyll has changed. He has realised his own arrogance and has learnt that he shouldn’t transgress(CROSS THE LINE OF) the laws of science and morality.
This is the third time he has referred to God.- Shows he is changing as he is presented as not so religious at the beginning.
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“But Poole was positive that nothing had come except by post.”
-Narrator about Poole
No letter was handed in so Utterson has less trust in Jekyll
CHAPTER 3- QUOTE ON TRUST
INCIDENT OF THE LETTER
“Henry Jekyll forge for a murderer!”
-Utterson
Utterson’s reaction to the letter Hyde gives him is, again, wrong, but it helps keep the truth from the reader which helps build suspense.
REMARKABLE INCIDENT OF DR LANYON
“Time ran on”
-Narrator
REMARKABLE INCIDENT OF DR LANYON
“Time ran on”
-Narrator
Personification
Time is going faster and faster.
REMARKABLE INCIDENT OF DR LANYON
“Mr Hyde had disappeared out of the ken.”
-Narrator
Hyde has disappeared and Jekyll has been living at peace.
This chapter shows us how much Jekyll’s life has changed since the disappearance of Hyde.
REMARKABLE INCIDENT OF DR LANYON
“He is no less distinguished for religion.”
-Narrator about Jekyll
“RELIGION” = Religion vs. Science.
REMARKABLE INCIDENT OF DR LANYON
“He was busy he was much in the open air, he did good.”
-Narrator about Jekyll
After Carew’s murder, Jekyll tries to stop becoming Hyde.
This quote shows the benefits to his life.
REMARKABLE INCIDENT OF DR LANYON
“On the 8th of January”
-Narrator about Lanyon
“On the 12th…14th…15th”
-Narrator about Lanyon
“He had his death-warrant legibly upon his face.”
-Narrator about Lanyon
Time is moving quickly and creates tension. It shows how quickly Jekyll had changed.
The timeline of events are leading up to his death.
-Leading up to the end of the novel.
Quote 3– Jekyll loses all control and needs Dr Lanyon’s help to get back his potions. When Lanyon helps him, he finds out the truth. This quotes shows the power of the truth, it has literally scared Lanyon to death.
REMARKABLE INCIDENT OF DR LANYON
“Terror of the mind.”
-Narrator about Lanyon
His shock is real and he is overly emotional.
Was this due to Jekyll’s change?
DR LANYON IS SICK AND NEARING TO HIS DEATH
REMARKABLE INCIDENT OF DR LANYON
“Lanyon declared himself a doomed man.”
-Narrator
Lanyon knows he is dying and understands he can’t escape death.
REMARKABLE INCIDENT OF DR LANYON
“I sometimes think if we all knew, we should be more glad to get away.”
-Lanyon to Utterson
Lanyon highlights the idea that there are some things we are better off not knowing, you can say this is his attitude towards science.
REMARKABLE INCIDENT OF DR LANYON
“If I am the chief of sufferers, I am the chief of sinners also.”
-Jekyll
“CHIEF OF SUFFERERS” = He is a doctor so he is supposed to relive, not cause more pain.
“CHIEF OF SINNERS” = He is religious so he isn’t supposed to be the chief of sinners.
In a letter to Utterson near the end of his life, Jekyll highlights (THROUGH RELIGIOUS IMAGES) his regret.
REMARKABLE INCIDENT OF DR LANYON
“Respect my silence.”
-Jekyll
Severe silence.
Trying to maintain control.
REMARKABLE INCIDENT OF DR LANYON
“Light of a melancholy candle.”
-Utterson’s room
Less light means something bad is going to happen.
This is foreshadowing the future.
REMARKABLE INCIDENT OF DR LANYON
“Voluntary bondage.”
-Poole about Jekyll
Secluded like a prisoner.
Jekyll may be trapped in his own body.
