J Flashcards
What are the four main types of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
True or False: Proteins are made up of amino acids.
True
Fill in the blank: The basic unit of carbohydrates is called a _____ .
monosaccharide
What is the primary function of lipids in the body?
Energy storage and forming cell membranes.
Which biomolecule serves as the genetic material in organisms?
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a protein? A) Enzyme B) Hormone C) Starch D) Antibody
C) Starch
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
True or False: All enzymes are proteins.
True
What type of bond links amino acids together?
Peptide bond.
Fill in the blank: Lipids are generally _____ in water.
hydrophobic
What is the role of carbohydrates in living organisms?
Providing energy and structural support.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a polysaccharide? A) Glucose B) Glycogen C) Fructose D) Sucrose
B) Glycogen
What is the structure of DNA?
A double helix.
True or False: Fatty acids are the building blocks of nucleic acids.
False
What are unsaturated fats?
Fats that contain one or more double bonds in their fatty acid chains.
Fill in the blank: The sequence of _____ in DNA determines the genetic information.
nucleotides
What is the primary function of RNA?
To transfer genetic information from DNA to proteins.
Multiple Choice: Which biomolecule is primarily involved in energy transfer? A) Proteins B) Nucleic Acids C) Carbohydrates D) Lipids
C) Carbohydrates
What is a key characteristic of enzymes?
They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
True or False: All biomolecules contain carbon.
True
What is the role of cholesterol in the body?
To maintain cell membrane structure and fluidity.
Fill in the blank: The basic building blocks of proteins are _____ .
amino acids
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of proteins? A) Energy storage B) Catalyzing reactions C) Genetic information D) Structural support
B) Catalyzing reactions
What is the process called by which proteins are synthesized from amino acids?
Translation.
True or False: Starch is a type of lipid.
False
What are the two main categories of nucleotides?
Purines and pyrimidines.
What are protein molecules made of?
Protein molecules are made of smaller molecules called amino acids.
What forms between amino acids?
Peptide bonds form between amino acids.
What is the structure of an amino acid?
An amino acid has a carboxylic acid group, an amino group, a hydrogen atom, and an R group.
What determines the properties of individual amino acids?
The properties of individual amino acids are determined by their R groups.
What is a polypeptide?
A polypeptide is a chain of many peptide bonds, which constitutes a protein.
How many standard amino acids are there?
There are twenty standard amino acids.
What are the two classes of amino acids based on R group properties?
Amino acids can be classified as polar or nonpolar based on their R groups.
What are negatively charged R groups?
Negatively charged R groups include aspartate and glutamate.
What are positively charged R groups?
Positively charged R groups include lysine and arginine.
What is the significance of side chains in amino acids?
Side chains, or R groups, differ among amino acids and contribute to their unique properties.
