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Hemat > J > Flashcards

J Flashcards

1
Q

What is haemopoiesis?

A

Formation or development of haematopoietic cells

Haematopoietic cells are the cellular elements of the blood.

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2
Q

List the cellular elements of blood involved in haemopoiesis.

A
  • Erythrocytes (Red blood cells)
  • Leucocytes (White blood cells)
  • Thrombocytes (Platelets)
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3
Q

What is erythropoiesis?

A

Formation of erythrocytes

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4
Q

What is leucopoiesis?

A

Formation of leucocytes

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5
Q

What is thrombopoiesis?

A

Formation of thrombocytes

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6
Q

What are erythroid progenitor cells?

A

Bone marrow cells committed to haemopoietic lineage but not morphologically identifiable under light microscope

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7
Q

Name the types of erythroid progenitor cells.

A
  • Burst Forming Unit Erythroid
  • Colony Forming Unit Erythroid
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8
Q

What markers do erythroid progenitor cells express?

A
  • ABO antigen
  • Erythropoietin Receptor
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9
Q

What is the earliest erythroid precursor cell?

A

Pronormoblast

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10
Q

List the stages of maturation for erythroid precursor cells.

A
  • Pronormoblast
  • Basophilic Erythroblast type 1
  • Basophilic Erythroblast type 2
  • Polychromatic Erythroblast
  • Orthochromatic Erythroblast
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11
Q

What happens to the orthchromatic erythroblast?

A

It extrudes its nucleus to become a reticulocyte

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12
Q

What is the function of erythrocytes?

A

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

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13
Q

What are granulocytes and monocytes derived from?

A

Myeloid committed stem cells

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14
Q

What are the progenitor cells for granulocytes?

A
  • Highly Proliferative Potential Colony forming Cells (HPP CFC)
  • CFC Eos
  • CFC-Bas
  • CFC-GM
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15
Q

What is the earliest precursor for granulocytes?

A

Myeloblast

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16
Q

List the stages of maturation for granulocytes.

A
  • Myeloblast
  • Promyelocyte
  • Myelocyte
  • Metamyelocyte
  • Band Cells
  • Polymorphonuclear cells (Segmented granulocytes)
17
Q

What do basophils produce?

A
  • Heparin
  • Histamine
18
Q

True or False: Eosinophils release cationic proteins that are lytic to ectoparasites.

A

True

19
Q

What are the functions of neutrophils?

A
  • Phagocytosing opsonised organisms
  • Producing Neutrophil Extracellular Trap
20
Q

What are platelets derived from?

A

Cytoplasmic fragments of mature megakaryocytes

21
Q

What is the earliest precursor cell for platelets?

A

Megakaryoblast

22
Q

What process do megakaryoblasts undergo to form platelets?

A

Endonuclear reduplication

23
Q

What is the role of plasma cells?

A

Produce and secrete surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg) into the plasma

24
Q

What is the defining marker for lymphoid committed stem cells?

A

CD10 (Common ALL antigen)

25
Q

What do Pre-B cells express?

A
  • Cytoplasmic Ig (CyIg)
  • CD19
  • CD20
  • CD79a
  • Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)
26
Q

What do circulating B cells express?

A
  • CD20
  • Surface Membrane Immunoglobulin (SmIg)
27
Q

What is the B-cell maturation process?

A

Virgin B cells to Small Cleaved B cell to Large Cleaved B cell to Small Non-Cleaved B cell to Large Non-Cleaved B Cell to B-Immunoblast to Plasma Cells

28
Q

What is the memory phenomenon in B cells?

A

Allows some B immunoblasts to revert to the original Virgin B cells, shortening immunological response time

29
Q

What happens to cortical T-cells during T-cell ontogeny?

A

Lose CD1 but gain CD4 and CD8 antigens

30
Q

What do medullary T-cells lose during maturation?

A

Either CD4 or CD8 antigen but not both

31
Q

What is required for T-cell activation?

A

Encounter with corresponding antigen recognized by its T-cell receptor (TcR)

32
Q

What are the stages of T-cell maturation?

A
  • Small Non-Cleaved T cell
  • Large Non-Cleaved T-cell
  • T-immunoblast
33
Q

What can some T-immunoblasts revert to?

A

T memory cells

Hemat (2 decks)

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