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j Flashcards

1
Q

relating to the belief in many gods

A

Polytheistic

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2
Q

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another

A

Relocation diffusion

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3
Q

a combined language that has a fuller vocabulary than a pidgin language and becomes a native language

A

creole

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4
Q

A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. An urban hierarchy is usually involved, encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations over wide areas, with geographic distance a less important influence.

A

Hierarchical diffusion

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5
Q

situation in which some aspects of the culture change less rapidly, or lag behind, other aspects of the same culture

A

cultural lag

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6
Q

the notion that people adopt elements of other cultures as well as contribute elements of their own culture, thereby transforming both cultures

A

transculturation

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7
Q

The entire region throughout which a culture prevails. Criteria that may be chosen to define culture realms include religion, language, diet, customs, or economic development.

A

cultural realm

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8
Q

barriers that completely halt diffusion

A

absorbing barriers

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9
Q

household made up of several generations of family members

A

extended family

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10
Q

a focused geographic area where important innovations are born and from which they spread

A

Cultural hearth

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11
Q

adapting global practices to fit local cultural practices and preferences

A

Glocalization

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12
Q

a group of people in a particular place who see themselves as a collective or a community, who share experiences, customs, and traits, and who work to preserve those traits and customs in order to claim uniqueness and to distinguish themselves from others.

A

Local Culture

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13
Q

a people of common ancestry and cultural tradition; characterized by a strong feeling of group identify

A

Ethnic Group

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14
Q

less influenced or controlled by religion

A

Secular

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15
Q

religion that emphasizes purity of faith and is generally not open to blending with elements of other belief systems

A

orthodox religion

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16
Q

a culture trait in the sociological subsystem, which is, the part of a culture that guides how people are expected to interact with each other and how their social institutions are structured

A

Sociofacts of culture

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17
Q

occurs when an ethnic or immigrant group adopts enough of the ways of the host society to be able to function economically and socially

A

Acculturation

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18
Q

objects made by humans

A

Artifacts

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19
Q

a group of related languages that share a common ancestry

A

Language family

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20
Q

a religion that actively seeks new members and believes its message has universal importance and application

A

Universal religon

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21
Q

The phenomenon whereby the time taken to travel between places is progressively reduced through the introduction of new transportation technologies.

A

Time space convergence

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22
Q

natural or human-made sites that possess religious meaning and are recognized as worthy of devotion, loyalty, fear, or esteem

A

Sacred Spaces

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23
Q

a language that only has a few elderly speakers still living or no living speakers

A

Extinct langauges

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24
Q

The process through which something is given monetary value; occurs when a good or idea that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought and sold is turned into something that has a particular price and that can be traded in a market economy.

A

Commondification

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25
Q

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics., Cultural traits such as dress, diet and music that identify and are part of today’s changeable, urban-based, media-influenced western societies.

A

popular culture

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26
Q

refers to the fact that many places have been controlled or affected by a variety of groups over a period of time; those groups have reshaped the functions or meanings of those places and left behind layers of meaning

A

Sequent Occupation

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27
Q

a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person

A

trait

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28
Q

the systematic killing of members of a racial, ethnic, or linguistic group

A

Genocide

29
Q

a language that is not taught to children by their parents and is not used actively in everyday matters

A

endagered language

30
Q

a repetitive act performed by a particular individual

A

Habit

31
Q

A combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation.

A

cultural landscape

32
Q

a feeling resulting from the standardization of the built environment; occurs where local distinctiveness is erased and many places end up with similar cultural landscapes

A

Placelessness

33
Q

relating to the belief in only one god

A

Monotheistic

34
Q

Study of how why and at what rate new technology spreads throughout a culture

A

innovation adoption

35
Q

the idea that cultures are converging, or becoming more alike

A

convergence hypothesis

36
Q

The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person.

A

Contagious Diffusion

37
Q

describing a religion that spread its message to other through missionary work

A

proselytic

38
Q

a force that threatens the cohesion of a neighborhood, society or country

A

centrifugal force

39
Q

a sovereign political entity that seeks to expand beyond their origin land to control more territory politically and/or economically

A

empire

40
Q

a religion identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group that does not seek converts

A

Ethnic religion

41
Q

the ability to speak two languages fluently

A

bilingualism

42
Q

the study of the spatial aspects of ethnicity

A

ethnic geography

43
Q

a structured set of beliefs and practices through which people seek mental and physical harmony with the powers of the universe

A

religon

44
Q

a regional variation of a language that is understood by people who speak other variations of that languages

A

dialect

45
Q

occurs when an ethnic or immigrant group blends in with the host culture and loses many cultural distinctive traits

A

assimilation

46
Q

Mother, father and children living as a unit

A

nuclearfamily

47
Q

An approach to understanding other cultures that evaluates them from the perspective of the observer’s culture

A

ethnocentric approach

48
Q

Belief in the superiority of one’s nation or ethnic group.

A

Ethnocentrism

49
Q

a functional, rational and orderly style for building designs

A

Modernist Architecture

50
Q

a language of communication and commerce spoken across a wide area where it is not a mother tongue

A

lingua franca

51
Q

the process whereby religion become a less dominant force in everyday life than it was in the past

A

secularization

52
Q

a form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place

A

Stimulus Diffusion

53
Q

a design style that is a reaction against modernist architecture; it has a flair for the dramatic, creating a spectacle while serving a variety of functions

A

Postmodernist Architecture

54
Q

the linguistic process where languages converge and create new languages and forms of communication

A

Creolization

55
Q

an approach to understanding other cultures that seeks to understand individuals and cultures from a wider perspective of cultural logic

A

cultural relativism

56
Q

the motivating impulse to control greater amounts of territory

A

Imperialism

57
Q

the act of forcefully controlling a foreign territory, which become known as a colony

A

Colonialism

58
Q

a force that brings people together and unifies a neighborhood, society, or country

A

centripetal force

59
Q

historically defined by the physical characteristics of a group, especially skin color

A

Race

60
Q

The central, enduring elements of a culture expressing its values and beliefs, including language, religion, folklore, and etc. “What a culture believes”

A

Menifacts

61
Q

a group of people with distinct norms, values, and material practices that differentiate them from the dominant culture surrounding them

A

Subculture

62
Q

a faith that subscribes to the idea that souls or spirits exist not only in humans, but also in animals, plants, rocks, natural phenomena such as thunder, geographic features as mountains or rivers, and other entities of the natural environment

A

animistic religion

63
Q

a set of policies that promote the active participation and inclusion of minority groups in national histories, national politics, and cultural institutions with the goal of embracing difference within society

A

Multicultuarlsm

64
Q

a trade language, characterized by a very small vocabulary derived from the languages of at least two or more groups in contact

A

pidgin

65
Q

the blending of beliefs, ideas, practices, and traits especially in a religious context

A

Syncretism

66
Q

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom

A

Taboo

67
Q

religion that combines elements of two or more different beliefs systems

A

Syncretic religon

68
Q

barriers that slow diffusion, but still allow some partial or weakened diffusion

A

permeable barriers

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