j Flashcards
relating to the belief in many gods
Polytheistic
the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another
Relocation diffusion
a combined language that has a fuller vocabulary than a pidgin language and becomes a native language
creole
A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. An urban hierarchy is usually involved, encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations over wide areas, with geographic distance a less important influence.
Hierarchical diffusion
situation in which some aspects of the culture change less rapidly, or lag behind, other aspects of the same culture
cultural lag
the notion that people adopt elements of other cultures as well as contribute elements of their own culture, thereby transforming both cultures
transculturation
The entire region throughout which a culture prevails. Criteria that may be chosen to define culture realms include religion, language, diet, customs, or economic development.
cultural realm
barriers that completely halt diffusion
absorbing barriers
household made up of several generations of family members
extended family
a focused geographic area where important innovations are born and from which they spread
Cultural hearth
adapting global practices to fit local cultural practices and preferences
Glocalization
a group of people in a particular place who see themselves as a collective or a community, who share experiences, customs, and traits, and who work to preserve those traits and customs in order to claim uniqueness and to distinguish themselves from others.
Local Culture
a people of common ancestry and cultural tradition; characterized by a strong feeling of group identify
Ethnic Group
less influenced or controlled by religion
Secular
religion that emphasizes purity of faith and is generally not open to blending with elements of other belief systems
orthodox religion
a culture trait in the sociological subsystem, which is, the part of a culture that guides how people are expected to interact with each other and how their social institutions are structured
Sociofacts of culture
occurs when an ethnic or immigrant group adopts enough of the ways of the host society to be able to function economically and socially
Acculturation
objects made by humans
Artifacts
a group of related languages that share a common ancestry
Language family
a religion that actively seeks new members and believes its message has universal importance and application
Universal religon
The phenomenon whereby the time taken to travel between places is progressively reduced through the introduction of new transportation technologies.
Time space convergence
natural or human-made sites that possess religious meaning and are recognized as worthy of devotion, loyalty, fear, or esteem
Sacred Spaces
a language that only has a few elderly speakers still living or no living speakers
Extinct langauges
The process through which something is given monetary value; occurs when a good or idea that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought and sold is turned into something that has a particular price and that can be traded in a market economy.
Commondification
Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics., Cultural traits such as dress, diet and music that identify and are part of today’s changeable, urban-based, media-influenced western societies.
popular culture
refers to the fact that many places have been controlled or affected by a variety of groups over a period of time; those groups have reshaped the functions or meanings of those places and left behind layers of meaning
Sequent Occupation
a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person
trait
the systematic killing of members of a racial, ethnic, or linguistic group
Genocide
a language that is not taught to children by their parents and is not used actively in everyday matters
endagered language
a repetitive act performed by a particular individual
Habit
A combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation.
cultural landscape
a feeling resulting from the standardization of the built environment; occurs where local distinctiveness is erased and many places end up with similar cultural landscapes
Placelessness
relating to the belief in only one god
Monotheistic
Study of how why and at what rate new technology spreads throughout a culture
innovation adoption
the idea that cultures are converging, or becoming more alike
convergence hypothesis
The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person.
Contagious Diffusion
describing a religion that spread its message to other through missionary work
proselytic
a force that threatens the cohesion of a neighborhood, society or country
centrifugal force
a sovereign political entity that seeks to expand beyond their origin land to control more territory politically and/or economically
empire
a religion identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group that does not seek converts
Ethnic religion
the ability to speak two languages fluently
bilingualism
the study of the spatial aspects of ethnicity
ethnic geography
a structured set of beliefs and practices through which people seek mental and physical harmony with the powers of the universe
religon
a regional variation of a language that is understood by people who speak other variations of that languages
dialect
occurs when an ethnic or immigrant group blends in with the host culture and loses many cultural distinctive traits
assimilation
Mother, father and children living as a unit
nuclearfamily
An approach to understanding other cultures that evaluates them from the perspective of the observer’s culture
ethnocentric approach
Belief in the superiority of one’s nation or ethnic group.
Ethnocentrism
a functional, rational and orderly style for building designs
Modernist Architecture
a language of communication and commerce spoken across a wide area where it is not a mother tongue
lingua franca
the process whereby religion become a less dominant force in everyday life than it was in the past
secularization
a form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place
Stimulus Diffusion
a design style that is a reaction against modernist architecture; it has a flair for the dramatic, creating a spectacle while serving a variety of functions
Postmodernist Architecture
the linguistic process where languages converge and create new languages and forms of communication
Creolization
an approach to understanding other cultures that seeks to understand individuals and cultures from a wider perspective of cultural logic
cultural relativism
the motivating impulse to control greater amounts of territory
Imperialism
the act of forcefully controlling a foreign territory, which become known as a colony
Colonialism
a force that brings people together and unifies a neighborhood, society, or country
centripetal force
historically defined by the physical characteristics of a group, especially skin color
Race
The central, enduring elements of a culture expressing its values and beliefs, including language, religion, folklore, and etc. “What a culture believes”
Menifacts
a group of people with distinct norms, values, and material practices that differentiate them from the dominant culture surrounding them
Subculture
a faith that subscribes to the idea that souls or spirits exist not only in humans, but also in animals, plants, rocks, natural phenomena such as thunder, geographic features as mountains or rivers, and other entities of the natural environment
animistic religion
a set of policies that promote the active participation and inclusion of minority groups in national histories, national politics, and cultural institutions with the goal of embracing difference within society
Multicultuarlsm
a trade language, characterized by a very small vocabulary derived from the languages of at least two or more groups in contact
pidgin
the blending of beliefs, ideas, practices, and traits especially in a religious context
Syncretism
A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom
Taboo
religion that combines elements of two or more different beliefs systems
Syncretic religon
barriers that slow diffusion, but still allow some partial or weakened diffusion
permeable barriers
