IX - General Pathology of Infectious Diseases Flashcards
These agents cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.
Prions(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 321
Infected cells show distinct nuclear and ill-defined cytoplasmic inclusions.
CMV infection(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 322
Infected cells show glassy nuclear inclusions, frequently with a surrounding halo.
Herpesvirus infection(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 322
Infected hepatocytes show diffuse granular (ground-glass) cytoplasm.
Hepatitis B viral infection(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 322
Sexually transmitted protozoan that can colonize the vagina and male urethra.
Trichomonas vaginalis(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 325
Protozoan acquired either by contact with oocyte-shedding kittens or by consumption of cyst-ridden undercooked meat.
Toxoplasma gondii(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 325
Size of microorganisms for them to be inhaled directly into the alveoli.
5 um(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 327
These microorganisms grow in contaminated food and releases powerful enterotoxins that cause food poisoning symptoms without any bacterial multiplication in the gut.
Staphylococcal strains(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 327
Intestinal helminth that cause disease when present in large numbers or cause obstruction of the gut.
Ascaris lumbricoides(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 326
Helminth that causes iron deficiency anemia by chronic loss of blood.
Hookworms(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 327
Helminth that depletes vitamin B12 giving rise to an illness resembling pernicious anemia.
Diphyllobotrium latum(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 327
Placentofetal route as a mode of transmission is also referred to as ________.
Vertical transmission(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 329
The ability of bacteria to cause disease.
Virulence(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 331
Bacterial surface molecules that bind to host cells.
Adhesins(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 332
Filamentous proteins on gram negative bacteria which allow exchange of genes between bacteria, and also involved in adherence.
Fimbriae/pili(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 332
Clostridium perfringens produces this toxin that disrupts plasma membranes resulting in digestion of host tissues and collagen.
Alpha toxin (lecithinase)(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 334
Bacterial toxins with the capacity to stimulate large populations of T lymphocytes, functionally resulting in a “cytokine storm”.
Superantigens(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 334
Examples of antigen presenting cells.
Dendritic cellsMacrophagesB-cells(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 334
A superantigen secreted by S. aureus which causes inflammation, fever and shock. Found in the vagina of menstruating women.
Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 334
Collection of neutrophils which gives rise to localized liquefactive necrosis.
Abscess(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 334
High risk agents of bioterrorism which are easily disseminated and has high potential for mortality. An example is smallpox.
Category A(TOPNOTCH)
A distinctive form of mononuclear inflammation usually evoked by infectious agents that resist eradication, but are capable of stimulating strong T cell mediated immunity. Characterized by epitheloid cells which may fuse to form giant cells.
Granulomatous inflammation(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Ed p. 335
Agents that are relatively easy to disseminate and produces moderate morbidity and low mortality. An example is E.coli O157:H7 which can cause HUS.
Category B(TOPNOTCH)
Includes emerging pathogens that have the potential for mass dissemination with high morbidity and mortality. Examples are Nipah virus and Hanta virus.
Category C(TOPNOTCH)
An 8 y/o female presented with fever, sore throat, conjunctivitis, and blotchy, reddish brown rashes on the face, trunk, and extremities. In this condition, lymphoid organs have marked follicular hyperplasia, large germinal center, and randomly distributed Warthin-Finkeldey cells. The most likely cause of this disease is:
Rubeola virus. Warthin-Finkeldey cells are multinucleate giant cells with eosinophilic nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 355
Ulcerated mucosal lesion near the opening of Stensen duct marked by necrosis, neutrophilic exudate, and neovascularization.
Koplik spots - pathognomonic of measles (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 355
What protects against reinfection with measles?
Antibody-mediated immunity (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 355
Most common extrasalivary gland complication of mumps infection
Aseptic meningitis (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 356
A 10 y/o male presented with fever and bilateral swelling and pain of parotid glands aggravated by intake of sour food. What is the most likely finding in the gland interstitium in this disease?
Edematous, diffusely infiltrated by macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells(Mumps) (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 356
True of false. Poliovirus infects only humans.
True(TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 356
Mode of transmission of West Nile virus
Vector-borne (mosquito) (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 356
Viruses that most frequently establish latent infections in humans
Herpesviruses (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 357
A 10 y/o child presented with vesicular around the lips and cervical lymphadenopathy. Histopathologic finding showed cells containing large, pink to purple intranuclear inclusion that consist of viral replication proteins. The etiologic agent for this condition is:
HSV-1 (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 357
A 28 y/o female complained of itchiness and vesicular lesions on her genitalia which later progress to ulcerations. The cause of this condition is:
HSV-2 causing genital herpes (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 357
Latent infection with this virus is seen in neuron and/or satellite cells around neurons in the dorsal root ganglia.
Varicella-Zoster Virus (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 357
A 62 y/o male presented with painful vesicular rash in a stripe-like pattern over the left side of his trunk. On microscopy, the sensory ganglia contain a dense, predominantly mononuclear infiltrate, with herpetic intranuclear inclusions within neurons. This is a case of:
Shingles/Herpes zoster (TOPNOTCH)
Syndrome caused by varicella zoster virus with involvement of geniculate nucleus causing facial paralysis
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 359
A neonate was noted to have jaundice, anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly. Patient also had microcephaly, and brain showed foci of calcification. The most likely diagnosis is:
Cytomegalic inclusion disease (caused by CMV) (TOPNOTCH)
Morphology of cells in CMV
Prominent intranuclear basophilic inclusion set off from nuclear membrane by a clear halo (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 359
A 6 y/o male presented with fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatomegaly. Lab showed abnormal liver function test and lymphocytosis. These are the most common clinical manifestion in
CMV infection in immunocompetent host. (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 360
Virus implicated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and some lymphomas.
Epstein-Barr Virus. (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 360
A 16 y/o male presented with high fever for a week, sore throat, enlarged lymph node in the posterior cervical and axillary region, and splenomegaly. Peripheral smear showed large lymphocytes with abundant cytoplasm containing clear vacuolization, an oval, indented nucleus and scattered cytoplasmic azurophilic granules (10% atypical lymphocytes). The main target cells of this condition is/are:
B cells and epithelial ells of the oropharynx. (EBV infection) (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 360
Patient with EBV infecction will have a positive or negative heterophile antibody reaction (Monospot test)
Positive heterophile antibody reaction. (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 362
A disorder caused by mutations in the SH2D1A gene, which encodes a signaling protein that participates in T-cell and NK-cell activation and antibody production. It is characterized by an ineffective immune response to EBV.
X-linked lymphoproliferation syndrome (Duncan Disease) (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 362
Toxin responsibe for Ritter’s disease
Exfoliative A and B toxin(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 363
Other term for staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome.
Ritter’s disease (TOPNOTCH) Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 363