Ivy Terms

Question 1

Avowel

Answer 1

Self identity communicated to others

Question 2

Ascription

Answer 2

Process by which people attribute characteristics and identities to other people

Question 3

Nurturance

Answer 3

Stereotypically female trait of giving aid and comfort to others

Question 4

Aggression

Answer 4

Stereotypical male trait of asserting or inflicting force

Question 5

Gender Identity Development

Answer 5

Theory about how one develops one’s gender with regard to feminine traits, masculine traits, or a blend of both

Question 6

Social learning theory

Answer 6

Theory about how children learn gender-related behavior from social contacts, primarily parents or peers

Question 7

Gender schema theory

Answer 7

Theory about how children learn appropriate cultural definitions of gender, which become key structures around which all other information is organized

Question 8

Gilligan’s Gender Identity Theory

Answer 8

Theory suggesting that the core of gender identity development rests within the mother-child relationship; involves the development of correctedness in girls and autonomy in boys

Question 9

Gender Transcendence

Answer 9

Rejection of traditional gender identities (masculine or feminine); integration of feminine and masculine selves into a self-defined gender identity

Question 10

Androgyny

Answer 10

Intermix or blending of feminine and masculine traits

Question 11

Co-culture

Answer 11

A cultural group within a larger culture

Question 12

Computer Mediated Communication (CMC)

Answer 12

Communication conveyed via computer, rather than through the use of other technology or through face to face conversation

Question 13

Hypodermic Needle / Direct-Effects Theory

Answer 13

Early media effects theory that proposed the mass audience passively and directly consumed mediated messages

Question 14

Minimal-Effects Theory

Answer 14

Suggestion that consumers are only minimally affected by mediated messages, that consumers selectively expose themselves to media messages, and selectively retain those that reinforce or are consistent with behaviors, attitudes, and values they already hold

Question 15

Uses and Gratifications Theory

Answer 15

Theory that describes how consumers are motivated to use various media and what gains, rewards, or gratifications they receive from such consumption

Question 16

Agenda-Setting Theory

Answer 16

Proposition that viewers allow media outlets to set an agenda for what should be most important to them

Question 17

Cultivation Theory

Answer 17

Theory that media cultivate distortions in consumers, that media blur the lines between reality and fantasy

Question 18

Cultural Studies Approaches

Answer 18

Interpretive and intuitive approaches to studying media effects; explorations of how media and culture reflect patterns in daily life

Question 19

Power babe commercials

Answer 19

Ads that depict women objectifying or enjoying the upper hand over men

Question 20

Rambo depiction

Answer 20

Male stereotype in advertising, in which a man is depicted as a conquering hero

Question 21

Himbo depiction

Answer 21

Male stereotyping in advertising, in which a man is depicted as a bumbling idiot or fool—a male bimbo

Question 22

Decapitation ads

Answer 22

Ads in which people’s bodies are shown, but without heads or with heads cut out of the picture

Question 23

Dismemberment ads

Answer 23

Ads in which only people’s limbs or sections of their bodies are shown

Question 24

Mock-macho sitcom

Answer 24

Television situation comedy with a central them of mocking or making fun of a middle-aged mans anxieties

Question 25

Playful Patriarch

Answer 25

Male leading character in a sitcom who is typically a devoted husband and father, but who often goofs up and admits he doesn’t understand women

Question 26

Erotica

Answer 26

Material that portrays sex as an equal activity involving mutual sensual pleasure, not activity involving power or subordination

Question 27

Pornography

Answer 27

Material produced with an intent to elicit erotic responses from a consumer, to sexually arose a consumer, to degrade or demean women characters in a sexual manner, or to portray unequal power in sexual activity

Question 28

Hard-core pornography

Answer 28

Material that depicts or describes intercourse and or other sexual practices

Question 29

Soft-core pornography

Answer 29

Material in which sexual acts are implied but not fully or explicitly acted out of portrayed

Question 30

Sapir-Whord Hypothesis

Answer 30

Supposition about the interrelationship between language and thought

Question 31

Neologism

Answer 31

New word introduced into a language

Question 32

Axiom of Communication

Answer 32

Basic rules or lawlike statements about how human communication operates

Question 33

Relational Approach

Answer 33

View that communication functions primarily to establish and develop relationships between interactions

Question 34

Content Approach

Answer 34

View that communication functions primarily for information exchange between interactants

Question 35

Rapport-Talk

Answer 35

Tannen’s term for a female style of communication, based on the motivation of establishing connections between people

Question 36

Report-Talk

Answer 36

Tannen’s term for a male style of communicating, based on the motivation of preserving independence and gaining and maintaing status

Question 37

Genderlects

Answer 37

Language containing specific, consistent features that mark it as stereotypically masculine or feminine

Question 38

Tentativeness

Answer 38

Forms of language, typically used by women, that indicate hesitation or speculation and that can make them appear uncertain, insecure, incompetent, powerless and less likely to be taken seriously

Question 39

Choice Points

Answer 39

Moments in a relationship when you make decisions about the future of the relationship

Question 40

Matching Hypothesis

Answer 40

Tendency to form relationships, particularly romantic relationships, with persons you feel are similar in physical attractiveness to you

Question 41

Similarity

Answer 41

Tendency to be more interested in someone whose upbringing, attitudes, beliefs, and values are more similar to yours than different

Question 42

Back-channel Cues

Answer 42

Vocalizations such as “uh-huh” and “yeah” which indicate listening and can reinforce and draw out more information from a speaker

Question 43

Visual Dominance Ratio

Answer 43

Amount of eye contact one makes while speaking versus while listening

Question 44

Immediacy

Answer 44

Behaviors that indicate liking or a positive regard for another person