Ivy Terms Flashcards
Avowel
Self identity communicated to others
Ascription
Process by which people attribute characteristics and identities to other people
Nurturance
Stereotypically female trait of giving aid and comfort to others
Aggression
Stereotypical male trait of asserting or inflicting force
Gender Identity Development
Theory about how one develops one’s gender with regard to feminine traits, masculine traits, or a blend of both
Social learning theory
Theory about how children learn gender-related behavior from social contacts, primarily parents or peers
Gender schema theory
Theory about how children learn appropriate cultural definitions of gender, which become key structures around which all other information is organized
Gilligan’s Gender Identity Theory
Theory suggesting that the core of gender identity development rests within the mother-child relationship; involves the development of correctedness in girls and autonomy in boys
Gender Transcendence
Rejection of traditional gender identities (masculine or feminine); integration of feminine and masculine selves into a self-defined gender identity
Androgyny
Intermix or blending of feminine and masculine traits
Co-culture
A cultural group within a larger culture
Computer Mediated Communication (CMC)
Communication conveyed via computer, rather than through the use of other technology or through face to face conversation
Hypodermic Needle / Direct-Effects Theory
Early media effects theory that proposed the mass audience passively and directly consumed mediated messages
Minimal-Effects Theory
Suggestion that consumers are only minimally affected by mediated messages, that consumers selectively expose themselves to media messages, and selectively retain those that reinforce or are consistent with behaviors, attitudes, and values they already hold
Uses and Gratifications Theory
Theory that describes how consumers are motivated to use various media and what gains, rewards, or gratifications they receive from such consumption
Agenda-Setting Theory
Proposition that viewers allow media outlets to set an agenda for what should be most important to them
Cultivation Theory
Theory that media cultivate distortions in consumers, that media blur the lines between reality and fantasy
Cultural Studies Approaches
Interpretive and intuitive approaches to studying media effects; explorations of how media and culture reflect patterns in daily life
Power babe commercials
Ads that depict women objectifying or enjoying the upper hand over men
Rambo depiction
Male stereotype in advertising, in which a man is depicted as a conquering hero
Himbo depiction
Male stereotyping in advertising, in which a man is depicted as a bumbling idiot or fool—a male bimbo
Decapitation ads
Ads in which people’s bodies are shown, but without heads or with heads cut out of the picture
Dismemberment ads
Ads in which only people’s limbs or sections of their bodies are shown
Mock-macho sitcom
Television situation comedy with a central them of mocking or making fun of a middle-aged mans anxieties
Playful Patriarch
Male leading character in a sitcom who is typically a devoted husband and father, but who often goofs up and admits he doesn’t understand women
Erotica
Material that portrays sex as an equal activity involving mutual sensual pleasure, not activity involving power or subordination
Pornography
Material produced with an intent to elicit erotic responses from a consumer, to sexually arose a consumer, to degrade or demean women characters in a sexual manner, or to portray unequal power in sexual activity
Hard-core pornography
Material that depicts or describes intercourse and or other sexual practices
Soft-core pornography
Material in which sexual acts are implied but not fully or explicitly acted out of portrayed
Sapir-Whord Hypothesis
Supposition about the interrelationship between language and thought
Neologism
New word introduced into a language
Axiom of Communication
Basic rules or lawlike statements about how human communication operates
Relational Approach
View that communication functions primarily to establish and develop relationships between interactions
Content Approach
View that communication functions primarily for information exchange between interactants
Rapport-Talk
Tannen’s term for a female style of communication, based on the motivation of establishing connections between people
Report-Talk
Tannen’s term for a male style of communicating, based on the motivation of preserving independence and gaining and maintaing status
Genderlects
Language containing specific, consistent features that mark it as stereotypically masculine or feminine
Tentativeness
Forms of language, typically used by women, that indicate hesitation or speculation and that can make them appear uncertain, insecure, incompetent, powerless and less likely to be taken seriously
Choice Points
Moments in a relationship when you make decisions about the future of the relationship
Matching Hypothesis
Tendency to form relationships, particularly romantic relationships, with persons you feel are similar in physical attractiveness to you
Similarity
Tendency to be more interested in someone whose upbringing, attitudes, beliefs, and values are more similar to yours than different
Back-channel Cues
Vocalizations such as “uh-huh” and “yeah” which indicate listening and can reinforce and draw out more information from a speaker
Visual Dominance Ratio
Amount of eye contact one makes while speaking versus while listening
Immediacy
Behaviors that indicate liking or a positive regard for another person
