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Injury and Violence Prevention > IVP Final > Flashcards

IVP Final Flashcards

1
Q

PH Definition of Surveillance

A

the ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data needed to plan, implement, and evaluate public health programs

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2
Q

How do you ID the strengths/weaknesses of data?

A

Examine data variables

Consider which variable the different data sources have in common/differ

Determine how they compare to the ideal data source

Begin with 3 data sources that universally exist in all states and centralized locations and upon which a population-based surveillance system could be based.

Example: the definition of injury/different types of data may differ across three local data sources:

Death certificate files by a state health dept

hospital discharge data

MV crash data collected by highway patrol

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3
Q

What are the benefits of linking data?

A

No single data source has all the info you need for an IVP program

Can show effects of changes in legislation

Can help target an intervention by determining who is at risk

Improved data quality

Increased data comprehensiveness

Expansion of the usefulness of data sources.

It’s an effective strategy for generation of info without the expense/delays of gathering new data

Highlights the significance of missing information and can improve quality of data used for linkage and analysis

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4
Q

How do you disseminate injury surveillance data?

A
  1. Convene data committee to develop dissemination plan
  2. Most effective to disseminate data back to the providers of it as well as the target audience so that it can be appropriately analyzed and used
  3. Make sure data is useful to other groups, not just disseminated through research papers and grant proposals
  4. Disclose imperfections

Ex: disseminate child abuse data to community and practitioners through social workers and healthcare workers

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5
Q

What are the benefits of program evaluation?

A

Essential tool for program management

Informs current decision making by ID-ing implementation problems

Can help program directors make adjustments

Can help enhance the judgment/political will of decision-makers, especially if cost/benefits are included

It’s a way to justify program costs and fulfill demands for accountability, esp. to funding sources

Provides documentation to facilitate efficient replication at a later date, helping to advance knowledge for the field and guide future program development

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6
Q

What are the 4 steps to program evaluation?

A

Formative Eval, Process Eval, Impact Eval, Outcome Eval

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7
Q

The 3 E’s of injury prevention

A

Education, Engineering, Enforcement

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8
Q

Define the police power

A

capacity of the states to regulate behavior and enforce order within their territory for the betterment of health, safety, morals, and general welfare.

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9
Q

Two enumerated powers of federal government

A

Regulate interstate commerce/ tax and spend

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10
Q

Berger’s 6 conditions for attempting to implement new legislation

A
  1. Be thoroughly convinced that the bill addresses a strikingly important issue
  2. Have evidence that the bill’s actions are effective
  3. Have support from judges/police re:enforcement
  4. Have economics estimates that excessive costs not involved
  5. Have legal counsel confirm constitutionality and compatibility with existing law.
  6. Broad-based support of constituents
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11
Q

Name some state players

A

State health depts

state and territorial injury prevention directors assoc.

state highway safety offices

state fire marshal

State OAG

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12
Q

Federal players

A

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Consumer product safety commission
DHHS
National Inst. of Occupational Safety & health
MAternal & child health bureau
NIH

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13
Q

What is the upstream approach?

A

preventing public health problems at the source to alleviate/prevent downstream effects

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14
Q

Importance of agency-centered prevention

A

the goal of agency-centered injury prevention efforts is to develop and implement a prevention strategy that can bring about meaningful reductions in morbidity and mortality and an enhancement in life quality

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15
Q

the 3 aspects of developing an injury prevention initiative

A
  1. Getting on the agenda
  2. Starting with a lead agency
  3. Focusing on the factors most critical to a successful injury prevention program
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16
Q

what does it mean to get on the agenda mean?

A

incorporating injury prevention into state agency plans or block grants

state plan addressing integration within routine services of other state/local agencies

getting a broad base of support outside the state health agency

17
Q

importance of having a lead agency in injury prevention initiative

A

can serve as a community or statewide focal point for injury prevention expertise, offering assistance and resources

18
Q

SMART Goals

A 
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time-bound
19
Q

critical factors to successful injury prevention programs

A

a systems approach, funding, collaboration

20
Q

systems approach

A

a model (like socio-ecological framework) that helps in understanding how events are interrelated, connected in patterns, and organized into a totality, rather than being fragmented

21
Q

5 main purposes for an injury surveillance system

A
  1. understand the injury problem
  2. track progress and monitor trends
  3. describe injury patterns
  4. make an assessment
  5. generate hypotheses
22
Q

10 step plan for an injury surveillance system

A
  1. define objectives
  2. form a data committee
  3. ID existing data sources
  4. determine strengths/limitations of each data source
  5. conduct preliminary data analysis
  6. reevaluate objectives based on steps 3-5
  7. consider linking info from existing data sources
  8. perform validation studies to evaluate
  9. develop a dissemination plan for sharing
  10. tie surveillance to action and funding
23
Q

State data sources

A

vital statistics

medical examiner/coroner reports

trauma registries
EMS data

hospital discharge data

national violent death reporting system

24
Q

national data sources

A

WISQARS

Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)

Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)

National Vital Statistics System

National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS)

25
Q

Overarching goal of program evaluation

A

To increase the comfort level of practitioners in using evaluation on a consistent basis in the programs they plan and implement and in the materials and policies they develop.

26
Q

15 Step framework for program evaluation

A
  1. develop SMART goals/objectives
  2. define a set of activities that can be implemented to accomplish objectives/goals
  3. List questions to be answered for various evalutions
  4. ID resources needed and compare to what you have
  5. Set realistic priorities for eval given resources/time
  6. ID specific individual responsible for oversight
  7. Select methods appropriate for Eval Questions
  8. ID potential data sources and develop specific data collection forms/protocols
  9. Develp an eval schedule
  10. Conduct formative eval of Materials
  11. Collect baseline data
  12. Analyze and interpret data
  13. Use findings to provide feedback to improve the program
  14. Communicate findings in a timely manner
  15. Continue the eval process
27
Q

Constraints on Program Eval

A

Limited resources

Unrealistic expactations

Sample size/comparison

Measures

Time

28
Q

4 Kinds of Program Evaluations

A
  1. Formative Evaluations
  2. Process Evaluations
  3. Impact Evaluations
  4. Outcome Evaluations
29
Q

Formative Evaluations

A

Used to develop targeted educational materials/refine program design:

pre and post-testing and focus groups
especially useful when program being developed, when a program ID’d without an obvious solution, or when a successful program is being introduced to a new pop/setting

30
Q

Process Evaluation

A

Determines whether an IPP is being implemented as designed and whether it is reaching the target population

Tracks your activities (activity inventory), how much educational material did you create, distribute, etc.

31
Q

Impact Evaluation

A

Evaluates Progress, Knowledge, Power

*use intermediate indicators to demonstrate program effectiveness

32
Q

Outcome Evaluation

A

Evaluate injury rates/program sustainability

*use intermediate indicators to demonstrate program effectiveness

33
Q

Intermediate Indicators in program evaluation

A

Proxy/surrogate indicators used to demonstrate program effectiveness instead of waiting around for morbidity/mortality

Measures KAB: knowledge, attitudes, behavior

34
Q

Main opportunities and barriers with injury prevention

A

funding limitations

organizational difficulties - infrastructure, no organizational template, leaders without core competencies/credentials,

turf battles

limited scientific support - poor surveillance, gaps in data/info, lack of access

limited distribution of the information

Economic/political constraints - better than one size fits all approach; manufacturers be held accountable

Importance of political arena - communicating with lawmakers, using survivors, etc.

35
Q

What are the five main purposes for an injury surveillance system?

A
  1. To understand the injury problem well enough to design programs that are correctly targeted to injury causation, specific risk factors, populations at greatest risk, geographic location, and temporal issues
  2. To track progress and monitor trends in the magnitude and distribution of injury morbidity and mortality you and identify new and emerging hazards in a timely fashion
  3. To describe injury patterns that justify the need for prevention program
  4. To make an assessment of the global impact of the program
  5. To generate hypotheses and develop a database for future prevention efforts with the sample size large enough to be useful for research

Injury and Violence Prevention (1 decks)

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