IV Therapy Quiz 1

Question 1

What is the best way to determine fluid gain or loss

Answer 1

weigh daily

Question 2

How would you direct a patient to weigh himself

Answer 2

same time
same scale
same clothes

Question 3

Where is the majority of fluid contained in the body

Answer 3

intracellular - inside the cells

Question 4

What are symptoms of dehydration

Answer 4

weight loss, poor capillary refill, sunken eyes, dry conjunctiva

Question 5

What are symptoms of dehydration in older adults

Answer 5

Confusion.
Difficulty walking.
Dizziness or headaches.
Dry mouth.

Question 6

How is the majority of body water lost

Answer 6

urine

Question 7

What is the difference between hypovolemia and dehydration

Answer 7

hypovolemia- decreased blood volume

dehydration- excessive loss of body water

Question 8

What is 3rd spacing

Answer 8

fluid goes into space that can’t use the fluid

Question 9

What is insensible fluid loss

Answer 9

water is lost through the skin by evaporation

breathing and sweating

Question 10

Low pH of blood indicated a condition called

Answer 10

acidosis

Question 11

What age group is susceptible to hypervolemia and why

Answer 11

older

Question 12

How often should an IV bag be changed

Answer 12

every 24 hr

Question 13

What are symptoms of 3rd spacing

Answer 13

weight gain, decreased urinary output, and signs of hypovolemia, such as tachycardia and hypotension

Question 14

What conditions cause 3rd spacing

Answer 14

liver, kidney disease, burns, surgery

Question 15

What fluid can be used to treat 3rd spacing

Answer 15

crystalloids

Question 16

What are isotonic solutions used for

Answer 16

to increase extracellular fluid volume

Question 17

What are the isotonic solutions

Answer 17

2 solutions have the same osmotic pressure

NS, D5W, LR

Question 18

How do isotonic solutions act on the body

Answer 18

doesn’t affect cells

Question 19

What are the hypotonic solutions

Answer 19

cell has low amount of solute causing water to come into cell and cause cell to swell

Question 20

What are hypotonic solutions used for

Answer 20

to give fluids to avoid and treat dehydration

1/2 NS, D2.5W

Question 21

How do hypotonic solutions act on the body

Answer 21

make cell to swell and get bloated with water

Question 22

What are the hypertonic solutions

Answer 22

cell has an excessive amount of solute causing water to rush out and cause cell to shrink

Question 23

What are hypertonic solutions used for

Answer 23

increased blood pressure

Question 24

How do hypertonic solutions act on the body

Answer 24

shrink cell because of lack of water

Question 25

For what condition would the nurse avoid using a hypotonic solution

Answer 25

kidney and liver disease

Question 26

What is osmosis

Answer 26

water moves from high solute to low solute concentration

Question 27

What is colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 27

pressure in the blood vessels plasma that pulls water into the circulatory system

Question 28

What is diffusion

Answer 28

solutes moving from high concentration to low concentration

Question 29

What is filtration (hydrostatic pressure)

Answer 29

pressure pushes fluid out of the capillary into the interstitial fluid

Question 30

What is action transport

Answer 30

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Question 31

What are crystalloids

Answer 31

Solutions containing fluids and electrolytes that are normally found in the body

Question 32

What are colloids

Answer 32

fluid solution that contains molecules (usually proteins) that are too large to pass out of the capillary membrane, thus remain in the vascular compartment. Large protein give it a very high osmolarity.

Question 33

Name some colloids

Answer 33

albumin, blood products

Question 34

What is the main cation in intracellular fluid

Answer 34

potassium

Question 35

What is the main cation in extracellular fluid

Answer 35

sodium

Question 36

What is the main anion in extracllular fluid

Answer 36

chloride

Question 37

What is the average fluid intake and output of an adult

Answer 37

2,500 mL

Question 38

Know which blood types are compatible

Answer 38

O can get O A can get A,O B can get B,O AB can get AB, A, B, O

Question 39

What are reasons for the use of central IV lines vs peripheral IV lines

Answer 39

TPN, irritating mixture, long term, quicker larger amount of volume, chemo

Question 40

What is the benefit (and danger) of giving IV medication

Answer 40

Absorbs medication fast | can't take med back

Question 41

What is the minimum time a unit of blood can be transferred

Answer 41

1 hr

Question 42

What type of IV solution can be transfused with blood and blood products

Answer 42

isotonic electrolyte solutions

Question 43

What is the preferred size cannula to be used for blood transfusion

Answer 43

18 gauge

Question 44

What is the smallest size cannula that can be used for drug transfusion

Answer 44

23 gauge

Question 45

What is the minimum frequency that an IV be flushed

Answer 45

every 8 hrs

Question 46

What are ways to increase the visualization of veins after the tourniquet is applied

Answer 46

tap vein, make a fist and contract muscle

Question 47

When selecting a site to initiate an IV, the nurse should use veins that are more

Answer 47

distal first then move proximal with subsequent IV starts