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IV > IV Therapy Quiz 1 > Flashcards

IV Therapy Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the best way to determine fluid gain or loss

A

weigh daily

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2
Q

How would you direct a patient to weigh himself

A

same time
same scale
same clothes

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3
Q

Where is the majority of fluid contained in the body

A

intracellular - inside the cells

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4
Q

What are symptoms of dehydration

A

weight loss, poor capillary refill, sunken eyes, dry conjunctiva

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5
Q

What are symptoms of dehydration in older adults

A

Confusion.
Difficulty walking.
Dizziness or headaches.
Dry mouth.

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6
Q

How is the majority of body water lost

A

urine

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7
Q

What is the difference between hypovolemia and dehydration

A

hypovolemia- decreased blood volume

dehydration- excessive loss of body water

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8
Q

What is 3rd spacing

A

fluid goes into space that can’t use the fluid

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9
Q

What is insensible fluid loss

A

water is lost through the skin by evaporation

breathing and sweating

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10
Q

Low pH of blood indicated a condition called

A

acidosis

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11
Q

What age group is susceptible to hypervolemia and why

A

older

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12
Q

How often should an IV bag be changed

A

every 24 hr

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13
Q

What are symptoms of 3rd spacing

A

weight gain, decreased urinary output, and signs of hypovolemia, such as tachycardia and hypotension

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14
Q

What conditions cause 3rd spacing

A

liver, kidney disease, burns, surgery

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15
Q

What fluid can be used to treat 3rd spacing

A

crystalloids

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16
Q

What are isotonic solutions used for

A

to increase extracellular fluid volume

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17
Q

What are the isotonic solutions

A

2 solutions have the same osmotic pressure

NS, D5W, LR

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18
Q

How do isotonic solutions act on the body

A

doesn’t affect cells

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19
Q

What are the hypotonic solutions

A

cell has low amount of solute causing water to come into cell and cause cell to swell

20
Q

What are hypotonic solutions used for

A

to give fluids to avoid and treat dehydration

1/2 NS, D2.5W

21
Q

How do hypotonic solutions act on the body

A

make cell to swell and get bloated with water

22
Q

What are the hypertonic solutions

A

cell has an excessive amount of solute causing water to rush out and cause cell to shrink

23
Q

What are hypertonic solutions used for

A

increased blood pressure

24
Q

How do hypertonic solutions act on the body

A

shrink cell because of lack of water

25
Q

For what condition would the nurse avoid using a hypotonic solution

A

kidney and liver disease

26
Q

What is osmosis

A

water moves from high solute to low solute concentration

27
Q

What is colloid osmotic pressure

A

pressure in the blood vessels plasma that pulls water into the circulatory system

28
Q

What is diffusion

A

solutes moving from high concentration to low concentration

29
Q

What is filtration (hydrostatic pressure)

A

pressure pushes fluid out of the capillary into the interstitial fluid

30
Q

What is action transport

A

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

31
Q

What are crystalloids

A

Solutions containing fluids and electrolytes that are normally found in the body

32
Q

What are colloids

A

fluid solution that contains molecules (usually proteins) that are too large to pass out of the capillary membrane, thus remain in the vascular compartment. Large protein give it a very high osmolarity.

33
Q

Name some colloids

A

albumin, blood products

34
Q

What is the main cation in intracellular fluid

A

potassium

35
Q

What is the main cation in extracellular fluid

A

sodium

36
Q

What is the main anion in extracllular fluid

A

chloride

37
Q

What is the average fluid intake and output of an adult

A

2,500 mL

38
Q

Know which blood types are compatible

A

O can get O
A can get A,O
B can get B,O
AB can get AB, A, B, O

39
Q

What are reasons for the use of central IV lines vs peripheral IV lines

A

TPN, irritating mixture, long term, quicker larger amount of volume, chemo

40
Q

What is the benefit (and danger) of giving IV medication

A

Absorbs medication fast

can’t take med back

41
Q

What is the minimum time a unit of blood can be transferred

A

1 hr

42
Q

What type of IV solution can be transfused with blood and blood products

A

isotonic electrolyte solutions

43
Q

What is the preferred size cannula to be used for blood transfusion

A

18 gauge

44
Q

What is the smallest size cannula that can be used for drug transfusion

A

23 gauge

45
Q

What is the minimum frequency that an IV be flushed

A

every 8 hrs

46
Q

What are ways to increase the visualization of veins after the tourniquet is applied

A

tap vein, make a fist and contract muscle

47
Q

When selecting a site to initiate an IV, the nurse should use veins that are more

A

distal first then move proximal with subsequent IV starts

IV (3 decks)

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