IV therapy Flashcards
when to change a primary tubing
96 hours
when to change a secondary or piggyback tubing
24 hours
coolness, swollen and paleness are signs of
infiltration
stop IV, discontinue IV, apply warm compress and elevate is an intervention for
infiltration
too much medication in too short a period of time is
speed shock
air enters the central veins and becomes trapped in the blood
air embolism
infiltration of a vesicant drug
extravasation
sudden, brief tightening of the muscle cells inside the walls of a blood vessel
venous spasm
inflammatory damage to the lining of blood vessels
chemical phlebitis
inflammation from the device itself
mechanical phlebitis
dizziness, headache, flushing, hypotension, chest tightness, irregular heart rate are symptoms of
speed shock
how can you prevent speed shock
by making sure speed is correct when counting drops per minute, set pump at correct rate or make sure pushing meds slowly
what can cause a decreased cardiac output, shock, and death
air embolism
lightheadedness, drop in blood pressure, weakness, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachypnea, expiratory wheezes are signs and symptoms of
air embolism
what are the interventions of an air embolus
call for help
position the patient in trendelenburg and left side
administer oxygen
monitor vital signs
pain or burning at site, skin tightness at site, blanching/cooling of skin, dependent edema of the affected extremity are the signs and symptoms of
extravasation
what can the nurse do to prevent extravasation
dilute all medications
avoid high pressure pumps
monitor the IV site
educate the patient
what are the causes of a venous spasm
viscous solutions
too rapid administration
cold or irritating solution
sharp pain at the IV site and pain radiating up the arm are symptoms of
venous spasm
how can the nurse prevent venous spasm
dilute med as recommended admin medications at ROOM TEMP admin solutions at the prescribed rate restart any questionable IV consider a warm compress during infusion
the contributing factors of chemical phlebitis are
- too rapid infusion
- administration of irritation meds
- improperly mixed/diluted medication
- presence of particulate manner
for gravity pump how many drops will deliver 1mL of fluid
15 drops
for IV pump how many drops will deliver 1 mL of fluid
20 drops
Levofloxacin 1 gram in 100 mL NS over 1 hour- drop factor is 20
answer is 33 gtts/min
