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Nursing Review > IV Therapy > Flashcards

IV Therapy Flashcards

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1
Q

Body Fluid Compartments

A

Intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

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2
Q

intracellular fluid

A

fluid inside the cell

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3
Q

extracellular fluid

A

fluid outside the cell: consists of interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid

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4
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

fluid that surrounds the cells in the tissues

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5
Q

intravascular fluid

A

plasma/fluid in the blood vessels

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6
Q

Sodium and Water

A

where sodium goes, water flows

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7
Q

Hypertonic Solutions

A

MORE salt in the solution and LESS water in the solution

vessel becomes MORE concentrated than the cell. water then LEAVES the cell (the cell will shrink)

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8
Q

Hypertonic solution Examples

A

10% dextrose in water (D1OW)

5% dextrose in LR (D5LR)

5% dextrose in 0.9% saline (D5NS)

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9
Q

Hypertonic Solution Uses

A
  • cerebral edema,
    -hyponatremia (decreases levels of sodium)
    -metabolic alkalosis
    -maintenance fluid
    -hypovolemia
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10
Q

What to monitor for in hypotonic solutions

A

fluid volume overload

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11
Q

Isotonic Solutions

A

same osmolality as body fluids (equal water & particle ratio)

the cells will stay the same

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12
Q

Isotonic Solution Examples

A

0.9% sodium chloride = normal saline (NS)

5% dextrose in water (D5W)

Lactated Ringers (LR)

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13
Q

Isotonic Solution Uses

A

-blood loss (hemorrhage, burns, surgery)

-dehydration (vomiting, diarrhea)

-Fluid maintenance

-diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA - there is so much glucose in the cells, they need water!)

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14
Q

Hypotonic Solutions

A

Less salt in the solution & more water in the solution

-the vessel becomes LESS concentrated than the cell. water then enters the cell.

-therefore the cells will swell.

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15
Q

Hypotonic Solution Examples

A

-0.45% saline (1/2 NS)
-0.33% (1/3 NS)

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16
Q

Hypotonic Solution Uses

A

-helping kidneys excrete fluids

-hypernatremia (increase levels of sodium)

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17
Q

IV Therapy Complications

A

air embolism, infiltration, infection, circulatory overload, phlebitis, hematoma

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18
Q

Air Embolism Pathology

A

entry of air into the vein through the IV tubing

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19
Q

Air Embolism Symptoms

A
  • tachycardia, chest pain, hypotension, decrease in LOC, cyanosis, dyspnea or cough
20
Q

Air Embolism Treatment

A
  • clamp the tubing
    -turn the pt onto their left side and place in Trendeleburg position
    -notify the HCP
21
Q

Infiltration pathology

A

leaking of IV fluid into surrounding tissue

22
Q

Infiltration Symptoms

A

-pain
-swelling
-coolness
-numbness
-no blood return

23
Q

Infiltration Treatment

A

remove the IV

elevate the extremity

apply a warm or cool compress

avoid rubbing the area

24
Q

Infection Pathology

A

entry of microorganism into the body via IV

25
Q

Infection Symptoms

A

-tachycardia
-redness
-swelling
-chills and fever
-malaise
-nausea and vomiting

26
Q

Infection Treatment

A

-remove the IV
-obtain cultures
-possibly administer antibiotics

27
Q

Circulatory overload

A

administration of fluids too rapidly (fluid volume overload)

28
Q

Circulatory Overload Symptoms

A
  • increase in blood pressure
    -distended neck veins
    -dyspnea
    -wet cough and crackles
29
Q

Circulatory Overload Treatment

A

-decrease in flow rate (keep -vein-open rate)

  • elevate HOB

-keep pt warm

-notify the HCP

30
Q

Phlebitis

A

inflammation of the vein can lead to a clot (thrombophlebitis)

30
Q

Phlebitis Symptoms

A

-heat
-redness
-tenderness
-decrease flow of IV

30
Q

Phlebitis Treatment

A

-remove the IV
-notify the HCP
-restart the IV on the opposite side

31
Q

Hematoma

A

collection of blood in the tissues

32
Q

Hematoma Symptoms

A

-blood
-hard and painful lump
-ecchymosis

33
Q

Hematoma Treatment

A

-elevate extremity
-apply pressure and ice

34
Q

Hypovolemia

A

low fluid volume in the blood

aka: dehydration, fluid volume deficit

35
Q

Hypovolemia Causes

A
  • loss of fluid from anywhere : thoracentesis, paracentesis, hemorrhage, NG tube, trauma, GI losses (vomiting, diarrhea)

-Third spacing: burns, ascites

-polyuria (peeing a lot): diabetes, diuretics, diabetes insipidus

36
Q

Hypovolemia S/Sx

A

-flat neck veins
-increase HR
-increased respirations
-increased urine specific gravity
-decreased BP (less volume = less pressure)
-decreased CVP
-decreased weight
-decreased skin turgor
-decreased urine output
-dry mucous membranes
-thirst

37
Q

Hypovolemia Labs

A

Concentrated (Dehydrated) makes the #s Curve up

-increased urine specific gravity
-increased hematocrit
-increased serum sodium
-increased BUN

38
Q

Hypovolemia Treatment / Considerations

A

-fluid replacement (administer via PO or IV)
-safety precautions (risk for falls due to orthostatic hypotension)
-daily weight & I/Os

39
Q

Hypervolemia

A

high volume in the blood

aka; over hydrated, fluid volume excess

40
Q

Hypervolemia Causes

A

-heart failure
-kidney dysfunction (can’t filter the blood = backup of fluids)
-cirrhosis
-increased sodium intake

41
Q

Hypervolemia S/Sx

A

-Jugular vein dysfunction
-increased HR (bounding)
-increased BP (more volume = more pressure)
-increased weight
-increased CVP
-wet lung sounds: crackles/dyspnea
-due to backflow of fluid from the heart
-increased edema
-increased polyuria
-kidneys are trying to get rid of excess fluid

42
Q

Hypervolemia Labs

A

Diluted (overhydrated) makes the #s curve go Down

-decreased urine specific gravity
-decreased hematocrit
-decreased serum sodium
-decreased BUN

43
Q

Hypervolemia Treatment / Considerations

A

-low sodium diet
-daily weight and I&Os
-diuretics
-high fowler’s or semi-fowler’s position (easier to breathe)

Nursing Review (5 decks)

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