IV Therapy Flashcards
Body Fluid Compartments
Intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid
intracellular fluid
fluid inside the cell
extracellular fluid
fluid outside the cell: consists of interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid
Interstitial fluid
fluid that surrounds the cells in the tissues
intravascular fluid
plasma/fluid in the blood vessels
Sodium and Water
where sodium goes, water flows
Hypertonic Solutions
MORE salt in the solution and LESS water in the solution
vessel becomes MORE concentrated than the cell. water then LEAVES the cell (the cell will shrink)
Hypertonic solution Examples
10% dextrose in water (D1OW)
5% dextrose in LR (D5LR)
5% dextrose in 0.9% saline (D5NS)
Hypertonic Solution Uses
- cerebral edema,
-hyponatremia (decreases levels of sodium)
-metabolic alkalosis
-maintenance fluid
-hypovolemia
What to monitor for in hypotonic solutions
fluid volume overload
Isotonic Solutions
same osmolality as body fluids (equal water & particle ratio)
the cells will stay the same
Isotonic Solution Examples
0.9% sodium chloride = normal saline (NS)
5% dextrose in water (D5W)
Lactated Ringers (LR)
Isotonic Solution Uses
-blood loss (hemorrhage, burns, surgery)
-dehydration (vomiting, diarrhea)
-Fluid maintenance
-diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA - there is so much glucose in the cells, they need water!)
Hypotonic Solutions
Less salt in the solution & more water in the solution
-the vessel becomes LESS concentrated than the cell. water then enters the cell.
-therefore the cells will swell.
Hypotonic Solution Examples
-0.45% saline (1/2 NS)
-0.33% (1/3 NS)
Hypotonic Solution Uses
-helping kidneys excrete fluids
-hypernatremia (increase levels of sodium)
IV Therapy Complications
air embolism, infiltration, infection, circulatory overload, phlebitis, hematoma
Air Embolism Pathology
entry of air into the vein through the IV tubing