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Nursing 203 > IV Theory > Flashcards

IV Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of IV therapy?

A
  • Fluids (ex. dehydration, cerebral edema)
  • Medications (ex. morphine)
  • Glucose (ex. nutrition, NPO)
  • Electrolytes (ex. post-surgery)
  • Volume expanders (separate from blood, ex. albumin)
  • Blood (ex. blood transfusions)
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2
Q

What are the principles of IV therapy?

A
  • Surgical asepsis (port of entry, need for sterility)
  • Gravity (pulls downward, higher bag flows first)
  • Fluid dynamics (viscosity, negative pressure, patency)
  • Infection control (solution growth for micoorganisms, esp. sugars)
  • Assessments (ex. phlebitis, anaphylaxis)
  • Accurate documentation (ex. indication of hydration status)
  • Clotting (occurs when exposed to air, stops moving, etc.)
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3
Q

What are peripheral lines used for?

A
  • Short term
  • Intermittent
  • Hospital or home
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4
Q

What are central lines used for?

A
  • Irritating meds
  • Hyperosmotic fluid
  • Emergency meds/fluid
  • Short or long term
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5
Q

What is isotonic solutions?

A
  • Same as blood plasma

- Does not change isotonic pressure of plasma

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6
Q

What is hypotonic solutions?

A
  • Lower osmolarity than blood plasma, decreases serum osmolarity
  • Water moves out of blood into the intracellular space
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7
Q

What are hypotonic solutions used for?

A

Treats dehydration

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8
Q

What are isotonic solutions used for?

A

Increases circulatory volume (ex. hypotension, hypovolemia)

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9
Q

What is hypertonic solutions?

A
  • Higher osmolarity than blood
  • Fluid is pulled from cells into vascular system
  • Seen in cerebral edema
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10
Q

What are some examples of isotonic IV solutions?

A
  • Normal saline (0.9%)
  • 2/3, 1/3
  • Lactated ringers (RL or LR)
  • D5W is isotonic in bag but becomes hypotonic in the blood
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11
Q

What are some examples of hypotonic IV solutions?

A
  • 0.25% N/S

- 0.45% N/S

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12
Q

What are some examples of hypertonic IV solutions?

A
  • D5 NaCl
  • D5 in LR
  • D10W
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13
Q

What is an IV example of a blood volume expander?

A
  • Albumin

- Dextran

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14
Q

Define: Osmosis

A

the movement of water molecules or other solvents across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration (less solutes) to an area of high concentration (more solutes)

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15
Q

What is the relationship between osmosis and cells?

A

Cell membranes are completely permeable to water, therefore, the environment the cell is exposed to can have a dramatic effect on the cell.

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16
Q

What are hypertonic solutions?

A

contain a high concentration of solute relative to another solution. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water diffuses out of the cell, causing the cell to shrivel.

17
Q

What are hypotonic solutions?

A

contain a low concentration of solute relative to another solution. When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water diffuses into the cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly explode.

18
Q

What are isotonic solutions?

A

contain the same concentration of solute as an another solution. When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, the water diffuses into and out of the cell at the same rate. The fluid that surrounds the body cells is isotonic.

19
Q

How do we assess an IV system?

A
  • Systematic fashion
  • Insertion site to IV solution
  • Condition of insertion site and IV dressing
  • Position of pt’s extremity
  • Patency of IV (is there blood backflow?)
  • Tubing: check for air, kinks or position
  • Clamps: open and connections secure
  • Drip chamber and IV solution (check height)
20
Q

What do we check for in IV bags?

A
  • Right solution
  • Right volume
  • Expiry dates
  • Sediment
  • Leaks
21
Q

What are some guidelines for IV care?

A
  • Promote asepsis
  • Reduce risks for infection
  • Safety concerns
  • Pt education (increased pain, cool feeling, limited activity, bleeding)
  • IV tubing= changed q 96 hours
  • Primary IV bag= q 24 hours
  • Assessment q 4 hours
22
Q

What are some developmental considerations with IV’s?

A
  • Pediatric fluid rates based on pt weight

- Patient teaching on skin integrity; activity restrictions; therapeutic play; communication regarding IV

Nursing 203 (6 decks)

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