IV Test Flashcards
Regulation of body fluid %
Newborn: 70-80%
Adult 55-60%
Aging Adult 46-52%
body fluid compartments
40% cellular water
15% intersistial water
5% intravascular water (plasma)
which equals 60% of your body weight
passive transfusion
passive movement is random from a region of high concentration to lower concentration
filtration
transfer of water and dissolved substances from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure.
force is known as Hydrostatic pressure
osmosis
movement of water from a area of lower concentration to a area of higher concentration
it governs the movement of body fluids between the cells
difference between osmolarity and osmolality
osmolarity is usually referring to fluids outside the body and osmolality is referring to fluids inside the body
Neurological assessment related to fluid and electrolyte
advancing age
changes in orientation– fluid volume deficit
fluid volume changes affect the CNS cells
Cardiovascular assessment
Deficit: increased pulse rate, decreased blood pressure, narrow pulse pressure, slow hand filling , decreased pulse volume
Excess: bounding pulse, increased pulse rate, jugular vein distention, overdistended hand veins
Respiratory assessment
Deficit: lungs clear
excess: moist crackles, high RR, dyspnea, pulm edema
Integumentary assessment
deficit: decreased tugor, decreased skin temp
excess: warm, moist skin; fingerprinting over sternum
signs and symptoms of fluid deficit
acute weight loss
changes in LOC, disorientation, lethargy, seizures
hypotension
dizziness, vertigo
N/V, anorexia, increased thirst, decreased urine output
signs and symptoms of fluid excess
cute weight gain changes in mental status HTN, Tachycardic bounding pulses increased CVP SOB tachypnea cough crackles
hyponatremia S&S
anorexia muscle cramps feeling of exhaustion apprehension fingerprint edema neurological changes
treatment of hyponatremia
replace sodium and fluid loss
restore ECF
correct any other electro losses
hypernatremia S&S
thirst elevated body temp swollen tongue red sticky mucous membranes disorientation
S&S of hypokalemia
neuromuscular changes: fatigue, muscle weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes
vomitting
irritability
S&S of hyperkalemia
EKG changes widened QRS and peaked T wave metabolic acidosis muscle weakness nausea cramping diarrhea
S&S of hypocalcemia
muscle twiching numbness in the fingers and toes cramps in muscle hyperactive deep tendon reflexes positive Chvosteks and Trousseau signs
S&S of hypercalcemia
muscle weakness lethargy deep bone pain constipation anorexia pathological fractures nausea vomitting polyuria
Intraspinal candidates
general surgeries of the thoracic or abdominal areas patients in labor acute or chronic pain management cancer pain phantom limb pain pancreatic pain incisional pain
epidural infusion
Advantages relieves pain without a sedative effect permits delivery of smaller doses of narcotic prolongs the analgesia allows for continuous infuison
Disadvantages
can casue urinary retention, parasethesia, resp depression
pruritus can occur on the face and head
Intrathecal infusion
pain relief
implanted pump or tunneled epidural catheter
life expectancy of
key facts of epidural and intrathecal infusions
alcohol and disinfections containing alcohol or acetone shall never be used for preparing or cleaning access hub
sterile technique always
epidural devices should be aspirated to ascertion the the absence of spinal fluid
candidates for IO infusions
severely dehydrated patients
cardiac arrest or trauma
first line choice of peds patients
second line of choice for adults
