IV Test

Question 1

Regulation of body fluid %

Answer 1

Newborn: 70-80%
Adult 55-60%
Aging Adult 46-52%

Question 2

body fluid compartments

Answer 2

40% cellular water
15% intersistial water
5% intravascular water (plasma)

which equals 60% of your body weight

Question 3

passive transfusion

Answer 3

passive movement is random from a region of high concentration to lower concentration

Question 4

filtration

Answer 4

transfer of water and dissolved substances from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure.
force is known as Hydrostatic pressure

Question 5

osmosis

Answer 5

movement of water from a area of lower concentration to a area of higher concentration

it governs the movement of body fluids between the cells

Question 6

difference between osmolarity and osmolality

Answer 6

osmolarity is usually referring to fluids outside the body and osmolality is referring to fluids inside the body

Question 7

Neurological assessment related to fluid and electrolyte

Answer 7

advancing age
changes in orientation– fluid volume deficit
fluid volume changes affect the CNS cells

Question 8

Cardiovascular assessment

Answer 8

Deficit: increased pulse rate, decreased blood pressure, narrow pulse pressure, slow hand filling , decreased pulse volume
Excess: bounding pulse, increased pulse rate, jugular vein distention, overdistended hand veins

Question 9

Respiratory assessment

Answer 9

Deficit: lungs clear
excess: moist crackles, high RR, dyspnea, pulm edema

Question 10

Integumentary assessment

Answer 10

deficit: decreased tugor, decreased skin temp
excess: warm, moist skin; fingerprinting over sternum

Question 11

signs and symptoms of fluid deficit

Answer 11

acute weight loss
changes in LOC, disorientation, lethargy, seizures
hypotension
dizziness, vertigo
N/V, anorexia, increased thirst, decreased urine output

Question 12

signs and symptoms of fluid excess

Answer 12

cute weight gain 
changes in mental status 
HTN, 
Tachycardic 
bounding pulses 
increased CVP 
SOB
tachypnea 
cough 
crackles

Question 13

hyponatremia S&S

Answer 13

anorexia
muscle cramps
feeling of exhaustion 
apprehension 
fingerprint edema 
neurological changes

Question 14

treatment of hyponatremia

Answer 14

replace sodium and fluid loss
restore ECF
correct any other electro losses

Question 15

hypernatremia S&S

Answer 15

thirst 
elevated body temp 
swollen tongue 
red sticky mucous membranes 
disorientation

Question 16

S&S of hypokalemia

Answer 16

neuromuscular changes: fatigue, muscle weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes
vomitting
irritability

Question 17

S&S of hyperkalemia

Answer 17

EKG changes widened QRS and peaked T wave 
metabolic acidosis 
muscle weakness 
nausea 
cramping diarrhea

Question 18

S&S of hypocalcemia

Answer 18

muscle twiching 
numbness in the fingers and toes 
cramps in muscle 
hyperactive deep tendon reflexes 
positive Chvosteks and Trousseau signs

Question 19

S&S of hypercalcemia

Answer 19

muscle weakness
lethargy 
deep bone pain 
constipation 
anorexia 
pathological fractures 
nausea 
vomitting 
polyuria

Question 20

Intraspinal candidates

Answer 20

general surgeries of the thoracic or abdominal areas 
patients in labor 
acute or chronic pain management 
cancer pain 
phantom limb pain 
pancreatic pain 
incisional pain

Question 21

epidural infusion

Answer 21

Advantages 
relieves pain without a sedative effect 
permits delivery of smaller doses of narcotic 
prolongs the analgesia 
allows for continuous infuison 

Disadvantages
can casue urinary retention, parasethesia, resp depression
pruritus can occur on the face and head

Question 22

Intrathecal infusion

Answer 22

pain relief
implanted pump or tunneled epidural catheter
life expectancy of

Question 23

key facts of epidural and intrathecal infusions

Answer 23

alcohol and disinfections containing alcohol or acetone shall never be used for preparing or cleaning access hub
sterile technique always
epidural devices should be aspirated to ascertion the the absence of spinal fluid

Question 24

candidates for IO infusions

Answer 24

severely dehydrated patients
cardiac arrest or trauma
first line choice of peds patients
second line of choice for adults

Question 25

key points of intraperitoneal infusions

Answer 25

premedication is needed before because of N/V, and be should be continued for 3-4 days
infusion is rapid as possible over 30-180 minutes