IV. Problems

Question 1

A. osteoporosis

Answer 1

1) bone resorption
2) weak bones

• “osteo” = bone, “por” = whole, “sis”
  = process
• overpower of osteoclasts
• bone loss

Question 2

B. rickets

Answer 2

1) lack of vitamin D to absorb calcium
2) soft bones

• rickets are very common
• bones are weak and bend

Question 3

C. broken bones

Answer 3

• too much stress on the bone and it
  snaps
• bones are highly vascular so it
  means they heal very quickly

Question 4

D. spina bifida

Answer 4

1) development disorder
2) incomplete formation of vertebra

• spinal cord is surrounded by a fluid
  filled cavity
• repaired by surgery causing
  stiffness, loss or function
• skeletal disorder

Question 5

E. torn/stretched ligament dislocation

Answer 5

1) stretches (sprain)/torn ligaments
2) makes joint unstable

• surgery because ligament can’t heal
  like a bone

Question 6

F. osteoarthiritis

Answer 6

1) worn cartilage
2) increased friction

• “osteo” = bone, “arth” = articulation,
  “itis” = information
• usually a lot of space
• bone and bone contact

Question 7

G. rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 7

1) autoimmune disease
2) scar tissue in joints

• attacking cartilage
• collagen -> scar tissue
• painful

Question 8

H. muscular dystrophy

Answer 8

1) genetic disorder - mutated dystrophin gene
2) atrophy of muscle

• a protein called dystrophin that is
  critical in maintaining the structure
  of muscle proteins within the
  myofibril
• muscles can’t repair itself if that
  protein is damaged
• muscle cells start to die
• genetic disorder -> gene therapy