IV Fluids Flashcards
What are the fluid compartments in the body?
Total Body water is about 60% of body mass
-Intracellular fluid = 2/3
-Extracellular fluid = 1/3
ECF made up of interstitial fluid and plasma
Define osmolality and osmolarity
Osmolality:
- number of osmoles of solute/ kg
Osmolarity:
- number of osmoles of solute/ litre
-osmolarity of body fluids can be calculated:
2([Na+] + [K+]) + urea + glucose
What is normal plasma osmolarity
280-300 mosm/l
What are normal daily fluid and electrolyte requirements?
Water:
25-30ml/kg/day
Sodium, Potassium, Chloride:
1mmol/kg/day
Glucose:
50-100g/day
Examples of crystalloids
5% dextrose
0.9% saline
Hartmann’s solution
Plasma-lyte
Cause ECF expansion
(Oedema/ increased vascular pressure)
Examples of Colloids
Gelatines Starches Dextrans Albumin Blood products
Max rate of maintance fluid to give
100ml/hr
How much maintenance fluid to gove
30ml/kg/24hours
Types of maintenance fluid
0.18% NaCl
4% Glucose
0.3% KCl
How much replacement fluids to give?
The amount lost in the last 24 hours
Which replacement fluid to give?
Plasmalyte 148
If upper GI losses - use NaCl with KCl
When to give resuscitation fluids?
Sever dehydration,
Sepsis,
Haemorrhage resulting in hypovolaemia and hypotension
How much resuscitation fluids to give?
Over 250-500ml over 5-15 minutes then reassess
Which resuscitation fluid to give?
Plasmalyte 148
Colloid
Blood
