Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Misc > IV fluids > Flashcards

IV fluids Flashcards

1
Q

two categories of fluid spaces in body

A

intracellular space: 2/3 of fluid

extracellular space: 1/3 fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

subdivisions of extracellular space

A 
intravascular space (20%)
intersitial space (80%)
third space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is 3rd space refering to

A

areas of body that do not normally contain fluid + where fluid collection is not desirable

e.g. peritoneal cavity (ascites), pleural effusion …

and

non-functional + excessive fluid in interstisial space –> oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

third spacing

A

fluid shifting into non-functional 3rd space

often refers to development of oedema , asictes, effusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

sources of fluid intake

A

oral
NG/PEG feeds
IV
TPN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sources of fluid output

A 
urine output
bowel/stoma output (esp diarrhoea)
drain output
bleeding 
sweating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

insensible fluid loss

A

fluid output that is difficult to measure e.g. through respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

signs of hypovolaemia

A 
hypotension 
tachycardia
inc CRT
cold
raised resp rate
dry mucous membranes
reduced skin turgor
reduced urine output
sunken eyes
thirsty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

signs of fluid overload

A

peripheral oedema
pulmonary oedema
raised JVP
inc bodyweight from baseline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

indications for IV fluids

A

resuscitation e.g. sepsis, hypovolaemia
replacement e.g. vomit + diarrhoea
maintenance e.g. NBM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

two main groups of IV fluids

A

crystalloids

colloids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

crystalloids

A

water with added salts or glucose

contents will redistribute throughout the different fluid compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

crystalloids: 0.9% NaCl

A

1L water
154mmol Na
154mmol Cl

lot of sodium - risk hypernatraemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

crystalloids: 5% dextrose

A

1L water
50g glucose

lots of hypotonic (no electrolytes) fluid can result in hyponatraemia and oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

crystalloids: 0.18% NaCl in 4% dextrose

A

1L water
31mmol Na
31mmol Cl
40g Glc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

crystalloids: hartmann’s

A 
1L water
131mmol Na
111mmol Cl
5mmol K
2mmol Ca
29mmol lactate
17
Q

crystalloids: plasmalyte 148

A 
1L water
140mmol Na
98mmol Cl
5mmol K
1.5mmol Mg
27mmol acetate
23mmol gluconate
18
Q

what is risked using normal saline

A

hypernateamia

metabolic acidosis - lot of chlorine

19
Q

colloids

A

contain larger molecules that stay in intravascular space

20
Q

colloid - human albumin solution

A

used in pt w decompensated liver drains

21
Q

tonicity

A

osmotic pressure gradient between 2 fluids

determines if water will move osmoticaly across membrane

22
Q

isotonic solutions

A

match concentration of solutes (osmolality) in plasma

e.g. 0.9% saline, Hartmann’s, PlasmaLyte

23
Q

hypotonic solutions

A

have lower concentration of solutes than the plasma

e.g. 5% dextrose, 0.18% NaCl

24
Q

hypertonic solutions

A

have higher concentration of solutes than plasma

e.g. 3% saline

25
Q

why are hypotonic solutions not used for fluid resuscitation

A

water flows from high conc to low so if dilute blood with hypotonic solution , water will flow out blood into interstitial space

also carry risk of hyponatramia, diluting sodium of blood

26
Q

what type of fluid should be used for fluid resuscitation

A

isotonic fluid

  • 0.9% saline
  • Hartmann’s
  • plasmalyte 148
27
Q

how to give resuscitation fluids

A
  • initial 500ml bolus over 15min
  • reasses with ABCDE
  • repeat boluses of 250-500mls of fluid if needed, each followed by reassessment
28
Q

rate of potassium infusion should not…

A

exceed 10mmol/hr

risk of arrythmia or cardiac arrest

29
Q

replacement IV fluids

A

used to replace fluids when losses are greater than intake

30
Q

maintenance IV fluid requirements - water

A

25-30ml/kg/day

31
Q

maintenance IV fluid requirements - sodium, potassium and chloride

A

1mmol/kg/day

32
Q

maintenance IV fluid requirements - glucose

A

50-100g/day

to prevent ketosis

33
Q

too much fluid can lead to dilution of important blood components e.g.

A

sodium (with hypotonic solutions)
potassium
haemoglobin
clotting factors, platelets, fibrnogen

Misc (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions