IV FLuid Overview Flashcards
What are the 3 types of IV fluids ?
- Isotonic solutions
- Hypotonic solutions
- Hypertonic solutions
What type of fluid goes into the vascular space and stays there ?
Isotonic solutions
Tip: Isotonic solutions –> “stay where I put it”
What are examples of Isotonic solutions ?
- Normal Saline (NS)
- Lactated Ringers (LR)
- D5W
- D51/4 NS
In what situations would Isotonic Solutions be appropriate ?
In clients’s who have lost fluids through…
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Burns
- Sweating
- Trauma
What is the basic solution used when administering blood ?
Normal Saline
ALERT
In what types of Client’s can you not use Isotonic Solutions ?
Client’s with
- Hypertension
- Cardiac disease
- Renal disease
What is the best Isotonic solution to use with shock and why ?
Lactated Ringers B/c it has more electrolytes
Hypernatrremia is an alert only when what ?
Only when administering isotonic solutions that contain sodium
Where do Hypotonic solutions go ?
Go into the vascular space and then shifts out into the cells to replace cellular fluid
Hypotonic solutions are what ?
Hydrating solutions
Hypotonic solutions rehydrate but do not cause what ?
HTN
What are examples of Hypotonic Solutions ?
- D2.5W
- 1/2 NS
- 0.33% NS
What are Appropriate uses for Hypotonic solutions ?
For client’s who have Hypertension, renal disease, or cardiac disease and need fluid replacement because of Nausea, vomiting, burns, hemorrhage, etc.
When else are Hypotonic solutions used ?
Used for dilution when a client has hypernatremia and cellular dehydration
ALERT
What do you want to watch for in clients receiving Hypotonic solutions ?
Want to watch for Cellular edema because the fluid is moving out to the cells, which could lead to fluid volume deficit and decreased blood pressure
Hypertonic solutions are packed with what ?
Packed with particles
What are Hypertonic solutions ?
Volume expanders that will draw fluid into the vascular space from the cells
What are examples of Hypertonic solutions ?
- D10W
- 3% NS
- 5% NS
- D5LR
- D51/2 NS
- D5NS
- TPN
- Albumin
TPN, a Hypertonic solution may also be referred to as what ?
PN (parenteral nutrition) or TNA (total nutrient admixture)
What are Hypertonic solutions used for ?
- A client with Hyponatremia (were salt goes, water follows)
- Client’s who have shifted large amounts of vascular volume to a 3rd space
- Clients with severe edema, burns, or ascites
A Hypertonic solution will do what ?
Return the fluid volume to the vascular space
In client’s recieving Hypertonic solutions, what should you watch for ?
Fluid volume excess
Where should client’s receiving Hypertonic solutions be monitored ?
With frequent monitoring of what ?
In an ICU setting
Frequent monitoring of blood pressure, pulse, and CVP
(especially if they are receiving 3% NS or 5% NS
What are the Joint Commissions top 5 High Alert medications ?
- Insulin
- Opiates and Narcotics
- Injectable potassium chloride or phosphate concentrate
- Intravenous anticoagulants (Heparin)
- Sodium chloride solutions above 0.9 percent
** Double Check these medications with a 2nd Licensed Nurse!**
QUICK TIPS FOR IV SOLUTIONS
Isotonic solutions = “ “
“stay where I put them”
QUICK TIPS FOR IV SOLUTIONS
Hypotonic solutions = “ “
“go Out of the vessel”
QUICK TIPS FOR IV SOLUTIONS
Hypertonic solutions = “ “
“Enter the vessel”
