IV Energy Revision

Question 1

Describe the energy changes when a ball is thrown upwards

Answer 1

Kinetic energy into GPE and thermal

Question 2

Describe the energy changes when an object hits an obstacle

Answer 2

Kinetic into thermal and sound

Question 3

Describe the energy changes in a torch

Answer 3

Chemical into electrical into thermal and light

Question 4

Define Power

Answer 4

Rate at which energy is transferred into a new form

Question 5

State the equation with all units for Power.

Answer 5

Power (W) = energy (J) / time (s)

Question 6

Define 1 W

Answer 6

An energy transfer of 1 joule per second

Question 7

State the conservation of energy

Answer 7

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 8

Define thermal conductivity

Answer 8

How well a material conducts energy. The higher the thermal conductivity of a material the higher the rate of energy transfer by conduction across the material.

Question 9

How can heat loss from a building be minimised?

Answer 9

Using thicker walls and materials with a lower thermal conductivity

Question 10

Define efficiency

Answer 10

How effective a device is at converting its input energy into a useful output form of energy

Question 11

State the equation for efficiency

Answer 11

efficiency = useful output energy / total input energy

Question 12

Efficiency is always between?

Answer 12

0 and 1 (decimal) or 0 % and 100% (percentage)

Question 13

State the 3 fossil fuels

Answer 13

Coal, oil and gas

Question 14

State the order of start up times from shortest to fastest of the three fossil fuels

Answer 14

Gas, Oil, Coal (fastest to slowest)

Question 15

Define a renewable energy resource

Answer 15

One that can be replenished and won’t run out

Question 16

State the advantages of fossil fuels

Answer 16

Reliable (1) Short start up time of a few hours (1) cheap (1) can be used in many locations (1) doesn’t produce radioactive waste (1)

Question 17

State the disadvantages of fossil fuels

Answer 17

Non renewable (1) Will run out (1) Produces carbon dioxide (1) which leads to global warming (1) Causes acid rain(1)

Question 18

State the advantages of nuclear power

Answer 18

Reliable (1) A very concentrated source of energy (1) No carbon dioxide release (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1)

Question 19

State the disadvantages of nuclear power

Answer 19

Slow start up time of a few days (1) Causes Radioactive waste (1) High decommissioning costs (1) Non renewable (1)

Question 20

State the advantages of solar power.

Answer 20

Renewable (1) no fuel cost (1) no cardon dioxide (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1) can be used in remote locations (1)

Question 21

State the disadvantages of solar power

Answer 21

Unreliable (1) Expensive to buy (1) Doesn?t produce much energy so need lots of solar cells (1)

Question 22

State the advantages of wind

Answer 22

Renewable (1) Wont run out (1) no fuel cost (1) no cardon dioxide (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1)

Question 23

State the disadvantages of wind

Answer 23

Unreliable (1) Visual pollution (1) Noise pollution (1) Don’t get much energy so needs a large area of wind turbines (1)

Question 24

State the advantages of hydroelectric

Answer 24

Short start up time (1) Renewable (1) no fuel cost (1) no cardon dioxide emitted (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1)

Question 25

Disadvantages of hydroelectric

Answer 25

Expensive to buy (1) the dam flooding of surrounding areas (1) Damage to animal habitats (1)

Question 26

Advantages of geothermal

Answer 26

Short start up time 91) Renewable (1) Low fuel cost (1) no cardon dioxide (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1)

Question 27

Disadvantages of geothermal

Answer 27

Expensive to drill (1) Only suitable in certain locations (1)

Question 28

Advantages of wave power

Answer 28

Renewable (1) Wont run out (1) Low fuel cost (1) no cardon dioxide (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1)

Question 29

Disadvantages of wave power

Answer 29

Unreliable (1) Difficult to maintain and repair (1) Restricts shipping lanes (1)

Question 30

Advantages of tidal

Answer 30

Reliable - as tides can be predicted (1) Renewable (1) Low fuel cost (1) no cardon dioxide (1) Doesn’t cause acid rain (1)

Question 31

Disadvantages of tidal

Answer 31

Difficult to maintain and repair (1)Restricts shipping lanes (1)

Question 32

Advantages of Biomass

Answer 32

Reliable (1)Renewable (1) Carbon neutral (1)

Question 33

Disadvantages of Biomass

Answer 33

Release carbon dioxide (1) Take up land which can be used for crops (1)

Question 34

What are the nine types of energy?

Answer 34

Kinetic, sound, light, thermal, electrical, gravitational potential, elastic potential, chemical, nuclear

Question 35

What is ‘wasted energy’?

Answer 35

Energy that is transformed to either the wrong place or the wrong form

Question 36

What is ‘useful energy’?

Answer 36

The energy transformed to where it is wanted in the form wanted

Question 37

If energy can not be created or destroyed why are we concerned with waster energy?

Answer 37

A lot of energy is wasted as thermal which dissipated and spreads out to the surroundings. This energy becomes so spread out it can’t be reused usefully again.

Question 38

What is the equation for work done?

Answer 38

Work done = force x distance in direction of force

Question 39

What is the relationship between work done and energy transferred

Answer 39

Work done = energy transferred