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Pharmacology > IV Drugs > Flashcards

IV Drugs Flashcards

IV regulations; IV access routes; Indication for IV therapy; Types of IV administration; Factors effecting drug stability; Incompatible IV drugs; Adv/Dis of central and peripheral IV access; IV site checks; Effects of poorly placed IV.

1
Q

How many registered professionals are required when giving an IV drug? What does each do?

A

2
One to check
One to administer drug

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2
Q

If there aren’t enough registered professionals available to check an IV drug, who else can check? And what must they know?

A

A competent person such as a patient, carer or parent

They must know the patient

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3
Q

What type of check should be done on an IV dose calculation?

A

An independent check

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4
Q

What must registered professionals be aware of when giving IV drug?
(event, list)

A

IV safety incidents

Familiar with meds that are able to be injected in UK

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5
Q

Following the first administration of an IV drug what about the patient should be monitored?

A

Their vital signs/ response to the drug

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6
Q

Define parenteral administration

A

Drug given via a needle, syringe or infusion pump

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7
Q

Name 2 main IV access routes

A

Peripheral and central

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8
Q

Define central IV access

A

Inserted device ends in a major blood vessel of the body

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9
Q

Define peripheral IV access

A

Peripherally inserted device ending in small blood vessels of the body

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10
Q

List 4 advantages of central IV access

conc of drug, duration of use, risks of IV access

A

Administer concentrated dose of drug
Long term use
Reduced risk of extravastion
Reduced risk of phlebitis

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11
Q

List 5 disadvantages of central IV access

serious, who insert, risks

A 
Invasive 
Requires expertise to insert 
Risk of septicaemia 
Risk of pneumothorax 
Risk of thromboembolism
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12
Q

List 2 advantages of peripheral IV access

serious, insertion

A

Less invasive than central access

Simple to locate and insert

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13
Q

List 6 disadvantages of peripheral IV access

A 
Risk of phlebitis 
Risk of extravastion 
Regular resiting 
Dilute drugs to be administered 
Painful 
Short term use
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14
Q

From deepest to most shallow, list the 4 types of injection

A

Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Intravenous
Intradermal

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15
Q

Of subcutaneous or transdermal, which is injected at the shallowest angle

A

Intradermal

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16
Q

List 5 indications for IV therapy

A 
Blood transfusion 
Diagnostic testing 
Monitoring
Medication / fluid therapy 
Parenteral nutrition
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17
Q

What 2 features of a drug dictate the type of IV administration method chosen?

A

Volume of fluid drug needs to be given in

Length of time that drug is stable and safe for

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18
Q

List 3 methods of IV administration

A

Bolus
Intermittent infusion
Continuous infusion

19
Q

Define continuous infusion

duration, volume

A

Drug to be given over several hours

Drug added to a large volume of fluid: 500-1000ml

20
Q

What 2 drugs are not appropriate to be given as a continuous infusion and why?
(abx)

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Because they have low stability

21
Q

Define intermittent infusion

duration, volume

A

Drug to be given over an hour

Drug added to <500ml of fluid

22
Q

List 3 ways in which an intermittent infusion could be given

A

Bolus
Secondary administration
Volumetric pump

23
Q

Define a drug given as a bolus and what it results in

concentration, speed

A

Undiluted drug given directly into vein, resulting in a high concentration of drug into circulation quickly

24
Q

List 4 main factors that effect drug stability

A 
CDLT 
Compatibility 
Displacement volume 
Light 
Temperature
25
Q

When would the compatibility of two IV drugs matter?

A

When given together in the same bag or via the same line ‘piggy backing’

26
Q

In which stage of IV drug handling may a drug become unstable?

A

During preparation or storage

27
Q

What happens to the potency and toxicity of IV drugs when mixed but incompatible?

A

Potency decreases

Toxicity increases

28
Q

What 3 changes occur when IV drugs are mixed to suggest they are incompatible?

A

Colour change
Precipitate formation
Formation of insoluble compounds

29
Q

What 4 substances should never have IV drugs mixed with them?

A

Mannitol
Blood products
Sodium bicarbonate
TPN

30
Q

List 7 advantages of drugs given IV
(speed of effect, bioavailability, monitoring, specific drugs, unavailability of other routes, avoids what in relation to metabolism)

A

Quick onset of drug action- straight into systemic circulation
100% bioavailability of drug
Predictable blood plasma concentration for drug monitoring
Only route for some drugs
Alternative for when oral route unavailable/ GIT absorption compromised
Route for drugs that would cause irritation/are cytotoxic
Avoids 1st pass metabolism

31
Q

List 4 disadvantages of IV route

speed of effect, reversible?, aseptic, staff

A

Rapid onset of effect increases severity of ADRs and toxicity
Irreversible
Requires strict sterility in drug manufacturing and handling
Requires competent staff able to prepare IV drug, monitor and respond to ADRs

32
Q

Define aseptic technique

under what conditions, stop what from entering

A

Procedure preformed under sterile conditions to prevent microorganisms entering drug during preparation/testing

33
Q

5 signs of infection/phlebitis at IV access site

A 
Tenderness 
Erythema 
Swelling 
Purulent discharge 
Unpalpable venous cord
34
Q

What 3 pieces of information can you find in the BNF about administering an IV drug?

A

Dilutents
Max dose
Infusion rate

35
Q

List 3 effects of poorly placed IV line

A

Extravastion
Phlebitis
Infiltration

36
Q

Define extravastion

A

Leaking of drugs into tissue surrounding IV site

37
Q

Define phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

38
Q

What two characteristics of a drug may increase the chances of phelbitis occuring?

A

Being alkaline/acidic

39
Q

Define infiltration

A

IV fluid entering into tissue surrounding IV site due to a misplaced cannula

40
Q

What range in degrees Celsius is room temperature for IV drug storage?

A

25-30

41
Q

What range in degrees Celsius is classed as cold temperature for IV drug storage?

A

2-8

42
Q

What range in degrees Celsius is classed as freezing temperature for IV drug storage?

A

-10 to -20

43
Q

What features of extravastion tell it apart from phlebitis and infiltration?

A

Tissue necrosis

Loss of function

44
Q

What features of infiltration tell it apart from phlebitis and extravastion?

A

Burning and tingling sensations

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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