IV and Electrolyte Therapy Flashcards
Biggest give away to a fluid/electrolyte imbalance?
Change in mentation
The effect of a fluid on cell volume.
Tonicity
Moves water into cell, making it swell.
Hypotonic
No impact of water movement in or out of the cell.
Isotonic
Water leaves cell, making it shrink.
Hypertonic
Primary organ for regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.
Kidney
Kidneys maintain balance by adjusting _____ volume and selectively reabsorbing water and electrolytes
Urine
Adult kidneys absorb 99% of filtrate, producing ___ L of urine/day
1.5 Liters
With impaired renal function, _______ can’t maintain fluid/electrolyte balance; resulting in edema, potassium and phosphorus retention, acidosis, and other electrolyte imbalances.
Kidneys
Adrenal cortex secretes ___ and ___.
Glucocorticoids (cortisol) and mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Regulate fluid/electrolyte balance
In cardiac regulation ______ are antagonists to the RAAS and ADH
They are produced by cardiomyocytes in response to increased atrial pressure and increase serum sodium.
Natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP)
Work in the renal tubules to promote secretion of sodium and water to decrease blood volume and BP
____ intake accounts for most water intake.
Oral
GI tract secretes about _____ mL/day of digestive fluid (reabsorbed)
8,000 mL
____ and ____ prevents GI reabsorption of secreted fluid (which can lead to significant fluid/electrolyte loss).
May need isotonic solution (NS)
Diarrhea and vomiting
3 geriatric changes that affect fluid/electrolyte balance:
- Kidney changes: decrease in renal BF (blood filtration), GFR, and ability to concentrate urine.
- Hormonal changes: decrease RAAS, increase ADH and ANP
- Loss of subq: inability to respond quickly to temp changes
