IV administation Flashcards
1
Q
Goal of IV therapy?
A
= goal of IV fluid administration is to correct or prevent fluid and electrolyte disturbances
• It allows for direct access to the vascular system, permitting the infusion of continuous fluids over a period of time
2
Q
two types of intravenous solutions
A
= crystalloids and colloids
Crystalloids:
- Are divided based on tonicity into hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic
Colloids:
- Are solutions that contain protein or starch
- The particles remain intact in the solution and are unable to pass through the capillary membrane
- They are used to re-establish circulating volume and oncotic pressure
3
Q
Macro drop factor?
A
= 10, 15, 20 drops per ml
4
Q
Micro drop factor?
A
= 60 drops per ml
5
Q
Safety of IV
A
- Legal prescription
- 5 rights checked 3 times
- right pt
- right fluid
- right volume
- right route
- right time/duration
- checked by two nurses
6
Q
Advantages of using IV?
A
- Immediate therapeutic effect
- Pain and irritation caused by some substances when given intramuscularly or subcutaneously are avoided
- Patient who cannot tolerate fluids or drugs by the gastrointestinal route or NBM
- Some drugs cannot be absorbed by another route
- Control over the rate of administration of drugs
7
Q
disadvantages of using IV?
A
- Inability to recall thee drug and reverse the action of it
- Insufficient control of administration may lead to speed shock or circulatory overload
- Additional complications may occur
o Microbial contamination (extrinsic or intrinsic)
o Vascular irritation (e.g. chemical phlebitis)
o Drug incompatibilities and interactions if multiple additives prescribed - Altered body image especially with central vascular access devices
- Time taken for administration
8
Q
Nurses responsibility with IV fluid?
A
- identify pt and legal order
- check infusion fluid for any faults or contamination
- maintain asepsis
- 5 rights
- right reason
- inspect the side of insertion and report abnormalities
- control the rate of flow
- monitor and document
9
Q
Aseptic non-touch technique IV
A
- technique used to prevent contamination of key parts and key sites by microorganisms that could cause infection
10
Q
factors affecting flow rates?
A
- Position of cannular
- Tubing obstruction
- Position of extremity
- IV patency
- IV clamps left on
11
Q
Maintaining the system?
A
- assess every hour according to pt condition
- assess for signs of over/ dehydration
- intake/outtake
- check drip rate
12
Q
Checking IV site?
A
- Observe for any leaking or bleeding
- Dressing dry and intact
- Skin temp normal
- No swelling or pain
- Discontinue if infiltration or phlebitis and elevate affected extremity
13
Q
Troubleshooting IV
A
- vascular access device will not flush
- kink in tubing or cathether tip against vein wall
- vascular access device (VAD leaking when flushed
- patient complains of pain
14
Q
Discontinuing IV
A
• Check order to discontinue
• Maintain asepsis
• Small occlusive dressing
• Observe for bleeding
• Document
o Fluid balance
chart
o Progress notes
15
Q
Infiltration
A
- The most common cause is damage to the wall during insertion or angle of placement
- Occurs when the infusion cannula moves out of the vein and the medication or fluid seeps into the surrounding tissue
